The present invention provides a grease composition capable of effectively preventing a rolling surface from having hydrogen brittleness-caused peeling, a grease-enclosed bearing in which the grease composition is enclosed, and a one-way clutch in which the grease composition is enclosed at a sliding portion. The grease composition contains a base grease consisting of a base oil and a thickener and an additive added to the base grease. The grease composition is capable of preventing hydrogen brittleness-caused peeling from occurring on a frictionally worn surface of a bearing portion containing an iron-based metal material or a newly generated surface consisting of the iron-based metal material exposed owing to wear. The additive contains at least one aluminum-based additive selected from among an aluminum powder and inorganic aluminum compounds. The mixing ratio of the aluminum-based additive to 100 parts by weight of the base grease is set to 0.05 to 10 parts by weight.