Approaches are described for managing the processing of images or video on a computing device. A portable computing device can include one or more dedicated components, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other dedicated processor component, to be integrated into the computing device to perform at least a portion of the imaging processing of captured images or video. For example, the dedicated processor component can enable the offloading of basic image signal processing, as well as higher level or “machine vision” processing from the device processor of the device. In this way, the dedicated processor component can perform signal processing for which the input is an image (or video), and where image or video data can be analyzed, interpreted and/or manipulated to generate an output, the output of image processing being either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. The output can be provided to a device processor for further processing.