A large deformation tensile testing system, for use in testing a large deformation tensile of an anchor rod or an anchor rode, comprising a main machine frame (1), a rear collet component (2) arranged at a first position on the longitudinal direction of the main machine frame (1), a front collet component (3) movably arranged at a second position on the longitudinal direction of the main machine frame (1), a telescoping apparatus (4), a measurement and control apparatus, where a sensor module thereof senses the displacement and real-time tensile of the telescoping apparatus to form real-time data to be transmitted to an analysis module and a control module, the control module that controls, on the basis of a set measurement and control scheme and of an input of the sensor module, a testing process to proceed according to a set testing condition, the analysis module for analyzing the input of the sensor module to form a test result, and an output module for outputting same. The large deformation tensile testing system is capable of deriving a statics parameter of the anchor rod or anchor rode being tested.