The present invention provides a polybenzoxazole resin containing a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 is a tetravalent aromatic group; N atoms and O atoms which are bonded to R1 are present in the form of pairs each consisting of an N atom and an O atom such that the N atom and the O atom in each pair are respectively bonded to adjacent two carbon atoms constituting the same aromatic ring in R1; R2 is an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and n is an integer of 2 to 10000, which is excellent in electrical insulating properties, heat resistance, mechanical properties, physical properties, dimensional stability and the like, as well as a polybenzoxazole precursor capable of producing the polybenzoxazole resin which is excellent in solubility in solvents and storage stability.