A machine translation apparatus configured to translate an input sentence and output a translated sentence in a target language, the machine translation apparatus includes a rule acquirer configured to acquire a difference between an input example sentence and a replaced example sentence which is obtained by replacing the input example sentence, and acquire a replacement rule based on the difference and each of meaning representations which indicate each relationship of words in the input example sentence and the replaced example sentence; and a translator configured to apply the replacement rule acquired by the rule acquirer to the input sentence and output the translated sentence based on the meaning representations and a meaning representation indicating of relationship of words in the input sentence.