An image processing device includes an image acquisition section that acquires a plurality of images captured while sequentially shifting the relative positions of a light-receiving plane of an image sensor and an image formed in the light-receiving plane, and an estimation calculation section that estimates a high-resolution image based on the plurality of images, the high-resolution image having a number of pixels larger than that of each of the plurality of images. The estimation calculation section estimates the pixel values of the high-resolution image corresponding to a first color based on the pixel values of the plurality of images corresponding to a second color when the estimation calculation section has determined that the pixel values of the plurality of images corresponding to the first color and the pixel values of the plurality of images corresponding to the second color have a high correlation.