Provided are a carbon nanotube composite containing a carbon nanotube coated with a protein having a catechol group and a metal ion bound to the catechol group and a method for manufacturing the same. According to the present disclosure, a carbon nanotube composite which exhibits controllable dispersibility and degree of crosslinkage while retaining the intrinsic physical properties of the carbon nanotube may be prepared. Since the phase change and tendency of aggregation of the carbon nanotube composite can be controlled quickly and repeatedly depending on the change in external environment, the carbon nanotube composite may be useful in various industrial fields including medicine, environment, etc. as a self-healing material.