The present invention provides an apparatus for treating the surface of a radome, comprising: a rotary driving unit; a vacuum suction unit; a vertical driving unit; and a surface treatment unit. The rotary driving unit comprises: a rotary shaft; and a driving motor, installed at a predetermined portion spaced apart from the rotary shaft. The vacuum suction unit comprises: a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders positioned on the rotary shaft in the circumferential direction; and a suction plate equipped at an end of a piston rod of each of the first hydraulic cylinders. The vertical driving unit comprises: a mounting plate having a hole formed in the central portion thereof. The surface treatment unit comprises: a support column vertically installed on a predetermined portion spaced apart from the mounting plate; and a support arm.