The purpose of the present invention is to provide: an anti-vibration rubber composition which enables the production of a hardened rubber article having excellent heat resistance, compression set, low dynamic magnification, tensile properties (elongation, strength), low-temperature properties and workability (scorch resistance); and an anti-vibration rubber which is produced by hardening the rubber composition. The anti-vibration rubber composition is characterized by comprising a rubber component mainly composed of a diene rubber, a bismaleimide compound as a vulcanizing agent, and N-phenyl-N-(trichloromethylthio)benzenesulfoneamide.