The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions, kits, methods, and uses for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In particular, the invention relates to compositions, kits, methods, and uses for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by inhibiting NF-κB in microglia or macrophages and by inhibiting motor neuron death. The invention further relates to compositions, kits, methods, and uses for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by inhibiting NF-κB in microglia in combination with inhibiting SOD-1 in astrocytes. The invention also relates to a method for inhibiting the expression or the activity of NF-κB in microglia or macrophages to inhibit motor neuron death, alone or in combination with inhibiting SOD-1 expression in astrocytes.