A transactional execution of a set of instructions in a transaction of a program may be initiated to collect memory operand access characteristics of a set of instructions of a transaction during the transactional execution. The memory operand access characteristics may be stored upon a termination of the transactional execution of the set of instructions. The memory operand access characteristics may include an address of an accessed storage location, a count of a number of times the storage location is accessed, a purpose value indicating whether the storage location is accessed for a fetch, store, or update operation, a count of a number of times the storage location is accessed for one or more of a fetch, store, or update operation; a translation mode in which the storage location is accessed; and an addressing mode.