A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a control channel by beamforming in a wireless communication system are provided. The transmission method includes determining a plurality of pieces of control information to be transmitted on control channels and determining transmission beams for use in beamforming transmission of the plurality of pieces of control information, mapping at least one piece of beam region information indicating at least one beam region in a control channel region and the plurality of pieces of control information to the at least one beam region in the control channel region, at least one piece of control information corresponding to the same transmission beam being arranged in one beam region, and transmitting the mapped beam region information and the mapped control information by transmission beams corresponding to the beam regions in the control channel region.