A sample adaptive offset (SAO) adjustment method, the method includes: obtaining slice SAO parameters with respect to a current slice from a slice header of a received bitstream; obtaining luma SAO use information for a luma component of the current slice and chroma SAO use information for chroma components of the current slice from the slice SAO parameters; determining whether to perform an SAO adjustment on the luma component of the current slice based on the obtained luma SAO use information; and determining whether to perform an SAO adjustment on a first chroma component and a second chroma component of the current slice based on the obtained chroma SAO use information.