A respiratory treatment apparatus (1) provides blood glucose monitoring and breathing control based on detected blood glucose information. In an example embodiment, a flow generator provides a flow of breathable gas at a pressure above atmospheric to a patient interface according to a pressure treatment control protocol such as a CPAP, APAP, bi-level CPAP, etc. A detector determines a blood glucose condition indicator with one or more sensors that are used to sense physiological information. In response to signals from the sensors, a controller, such as a digital signal processor, controls adjustments to the flow of breathable gas provided by the flow generator. The adjustments are determined by the controller based on the detected blood glucose indicator and/or changes thereto.