A halogenated polysaccharide is provided having a halogen content of from about 1.0 wt. % to about 85 wt. % based on the total weight of the halogenated polysaccharide and having an average chain length of at least 6 monosaccharides. Methods of halogenating a polysaccharide to form a halogenated polysaccharide are provided that can be performed in the presence or absence of a proton solvent. Compositions such as articles of manufacture containing a halogenated polysaccharide and methods of producing such articles are also provided. The article of manufacture can also include one or more additional polymers, for example, polyvinylchloride (PVC). The article of manufacture can be, for example, a flooring tile, flooring plank, or carpet. Halogenated polysaccharides and products containing the same are bio-based, environmentally sustainable replacements or complements to existing polymers and polymer products.