A pre-training apparatus and method for recognition speech, which initialize, by layers, a deep neural network to correct a node connection weight. The pre-training apparatus for speech recognition includes an input unit configured to receive speech data, a model generation unit configured to initialize a connection weight of a deep neural network, based on the speech data, and an output unit configured to output information about the connection weight. In order for a state of a phoneme unit corresponding to the speech data to be output, the model generation unit trains the connection weight by piling a plurality of hidden layers according to a determined structure of the deep neural network, applies an output layer to a certain layer between the plurality of hidden layers to correct the trained connection weight in each of the plurality of hidden layers, thereby initializing the connection weight.