An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a housing, at least one ultrasonic wave generator and at least one ultrasonic sensor operatively disposed on the housing, and a processor electrically connected to the at least one ultrasonic wave generator and the at least one ultrasonic sensor and configured to emit ultrasonic waves from at least one surface of the housing using the at least one ultrasonic wave generator, receive reflected waves reflected from at least one object through the at least one ultrasonic sensor, and determine a proximity between the electronic device and the object based on at least a difference between a first time, at which the ultrasonic waves are emitted, and a second time, at which the reflected waves are received.