An intermediate transfer belt includes a base layer, an elastic layer, and a surface layer. The elastic layer is composed of an elastomer composition containing an elastomer and metal oxide particles. At least a portion of a surface of the metal oxide particles is positioned at a surface of the elastic layer. At least the portion is coupling-treated with a metal coupling agent. A radical polymerizable functional group of the metal coupling agent is bonded to a radical polymerizable compound composing the surface layer via radical polymerization.