A detection system based on modulation of line structured laser image of glass includes a processing section, a control system, and roller conveying mechanisms. Detection mechanism provided over entrance of the processing section includes shell and camera with laser which emits beam on the surface of the glass in the gap between sliding rollers. Focal plane of the camera corresponds to the beam irradiation surface, and signal output terminal of the camera is connected with the control system in such a way that when glass passes the detection area, laser irradiates the glass surface and the line structured laser is modulated based on the glass to form laser modulation image with distribution of light and shade, staggered movement direction, or distorted laser lines. The camera transmits the captured glass information and parameters to the control system.