Scaffold apparatuses are provided for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. In one example, a scaffold apparatus can be configured as an interference screw comprising multiple phases for fixing musculoskeletal soft tissue to bone. In another example, a degradable cell barrier is inserted between adjacent phases of the scaffold apparatus. In another example, the scaffold apparatus, is coupled to a synthetic graft for a ligament. In another example, the scaffold apparatus can comprise a graft collar and a polymer-fiber mesh, and the polymer-fiber mesh applies compressive mechanical loading to the graft collar.