System and method for imaging and chemically identifying contraband are described. In one aspect, a method is provided for locating and identifying contraband on a subject. The method includes scanning the subject using a plurality of imaging sensors to collect radiometric data (302), collecting chemical data from chemical vapors and particles located on and/or near the subject using a trace-detection sensor (304), and fusing the collected radiometric data and the collected chemical data to generate at least one of a location of the contraband and a probability of a chemical composition of the contraband (306).