The invention relates to a method for analyzing, particularly testing and selecting, a biological sample, wherein the sample is brought into contact with a nanostructured substrate and the presence of a predetermined target component in the biological sample is determined from the coverage of a nanostructure area representing a predetermined adhesion condition. The invention further relates to a device for analyzing a biological sample, wherein the device comprises a substrate having a nanostructure area, and is particularly suitable for the analysis method according to the invention. The present invention further comprises the use of the above method and the above device in various medical applications.