The invention relates to a porous material containing at least one multifunctional isocyanate (a1) and at least one multifunctional substituted aromatic amine (a2-s) according to the general formula (I), where R1 and R2 are selected from hydrogen and linear or branched alkyl groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and where all substituents Q1 to Q5 and Q1' to Q5' are selected from hydrogen, a primary amino group, and a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of Q1, Q3, and Q5 and at least one of Q1', Q3', and Q5' is a primary amino group, and the compound comprises at least one linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the a-position to at least one primary amino group bonded to the aromatic core. The invention further relates to a method for producing porous materials, to the porous materials that can be thus obtained, and to the use of the porous materials as insulating material and in vacuum insulation panels.