One or more selected portions of computer-executable instructions stored on non-transient storage media of a computer system are modified according to a method. In various embodiments, the method includes any one or combination of: (1) applying, with a processor of the computer system, a data transformation to one or more value representations in the computer-executable instructions to create one or more transformed code segments, the data transformation comprising at least one of a nonlinear transformation and a function composition transformation; (2) generating, with a processor of the computer system, transformed computer-executable instructions based on the transformed code segments; and (3) storing the one or more transformed code segments with corresponding computer-executable instructions on the non-transient storage media.