A vanadium pentoxide waste water treatment and resources recycling method. Adjusting the pH in vanadium pentoxide waste water, and adding a reducing agent to reduce hexavalent chromium and produce trivalent chromium; adding a precipitator, and separating, after the reaction, into a supernatant and sludge; filtering the supernatant, obtaining purified waste water by adsorpting the filtered waste water, and pumping the purified waste water into a low-pressure reverse-osmosis system to desalinate and obtain a dialysate 1 and a concentrated solution 1; pumping the concentrated solution 1 into a high-pressure reverse-osmosis system to undergo a high-pressure reverse-osmosis desalination so as to obtain a dialysate 2 and a concentrated solution 2; mixing the dialysate 1 and the dialysate 2 to obtain a regenerated water for using as the chromium leaching water during the leaching stage in production, and entering the concentrated solution 2 into an electrodialysis system for concentration; entering the produced dialysis solution 3 into a high-pressure reverse-osmosis system to continue recycling and discharging the produced concentrated solution 3 into a brine pool to be used as brine during the salting and balling stage of the vanadium pentoxide production.