Disclosed are a screw bolt assembly for measuring a preload and a bearing preload measurement apparatus comprising same. A stress/strain sensor of the screw bolt assembly is provided on a radial outer side surface of an expansion sleeve outer ring or a radial inner side surface of an expansion sleeve inner ring of an expansion sleeve, and the axial position of the expansion sleeve inner ring with respect to the expansion sleeve outer ring is adjusted by adjusting the position of a connecting piece in a blind hole, so as to adjust an initial strain state of the stress/strain sensor. In this case, the strain of a screw bolt can be directly measured by means of a stress/strain sensor, so that even in the case of frequent vibration or temperature change, the measurement precision will not be influenced, thereby improving the measurement precision and reliability; an initial strain state of the stress/strain sensor of each screw bolt assembly can be easily calibrated by adjusting a connecting piece, thereby further ensuring the measurement precision and reliability of the screw bolt assembly.