A microfluidic apparatus is provided. The microfluidic apparatus includes a first substrate (1) having a first side (3) and a second side (4) opposite to each other; a grating layer (6) on the second side (4) of the first substrate (1), the grating layer (6) including a plurality of grating blocks (60) of different wavelength selectivity; a second substrate (2) having a third side (7) and a fourth side (12) opposite to each other; the fourth side (12) of the second substrate (2) on a side of the third side (7) away from the first substrate (1), and the second side (4) of the first substrate (1) on a side of the first side (3) away from the second substrate (2); a light detection layer (8) on the third side (7) of the second substrate (2), the light detection layer (8) including a plurality of detectors (80); and a microfluidic layer (9) between the first substrate (1) and the light detection layer (8), the microfluidic layer (9) including a plurality of microfluidic channels (10).