A steering device (100) and a troweling robot (1000) with same. The steering device (100) comprises: a transmission shaft (1), a lifting flange assembly (2), a rotary flange assembly (3) and a rotary disc (4) located at one end of the transmission shaft (1). A first spiral groove (11a) spirally wound on the transmission shaft (1) and a first linear groove (11b) parallel to an axis of the transmission shaft (1) are provided in a surface of the transmission shaft (1), a first ball (24) in the lifting flange assembly (2) matches the first spiral groove (11a), and the lifting flange assembly (2) moves up and down to drive the rotary disc (4) to be switched between a landing position and a lifting position. A second ball (34) in the rotary flange assembly (3) matches the first linear groove (11b), and the rotary flange assembly (3) rotates relative to the transmission shaft (1) so as to drive a machine body (200) to rotate relative to the rotary disc (4) at the landing position.