The present invention relates to a blood pump for causing blood to flow in one direction and a blood oxidation system comprising same and, more particularly, to an oxidation system for circulating blood in a body to an oxidizer so as to supply oxygen into the body from outside the body and a blood pump used for the oxidation system to cause blood to flow in one direction. The blood pump according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise: an outer wall having a gas outlet port formed through a lateral surface thereof; a blood chamber having a pouch which is inserted into the outer wall and of which opposite ends are connected to opposite ends of the outer wall, respectively; a pump injection valve fluid-communicably coupled to one end of the blood chamber and blocking blood from flowing to the blood chamber; and a pump discharge valve fluid-communicably coupled to the other end of the blood chamber and blocking blood from flowing from the blood chamber.