The present invention belongs to the technical field of heat insulation. Disclosed are a heat insulation composite plate and a preparation method therefor. The heat insulation composite plate comprises a first panel layer and a heat insulation layer, which are integrally formed. The first panel layer is a fiber reinforced resin matrix composite sheet, a metal plate, a cement plate, a calcium silicate plate or a gypsum plate, and the heat insulation layer is a fiber reinforced aerogel felt. The preparation method comprises: (1) flatly laying the fiber reinforced aerogel felt; (2) flatly laying the first panel layer on the upper surface of the fiber reinforced aerogel felt; and (3) performing hot-press molding treatment to obtain the heat insulation composite plate. The heat insulation composite plate provided in the present invention can implement a heat insulation solution for pipes, walls, boxes, and other scenarios, and has advantages such as convenient operation, simplicity and easy use.