An electrochromic device and method of forming the same is disclosed. The electrochromic device can include a first transparent conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, a counter electrode layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and an adhesion layer between the counter electrode layer and the second transparent conductive layer, where the electrochromic device can undergo at least 2,000 cycles in a Nylon brush test before type 2 defects form. The method can include depositing an electrochromic layer over a first transparent conductive layer, depositing an electrolyte layer, depositing a lithium layer, depositing a counter electrode layer over the lithium layer, depositing a second transparent conductive layer, and heating the layers to form an electrochromic stack, where the lithium layer is combined with the counter electrode layer.