A high-efficiency wet ultrafine dust and odor removal device according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a housing having an accommodating space therein and having a gas inlet and a gas outlet spaced apart from each other on some sections; a suction unit which adjusts the internal pressure of the housing so as to direct a polluted gas accompanied by ultrafine dust and odors in the vicinity of the housing to the gas outlet through the gas inlet; mixing diffusers disposed at intervals in the housing and mixing a predetermined surfactant with the polluted gas introduced into the housing by the suction unit to separate the dust and remove the odors; and a plurality of nozzles for spraying the surfactant into the mixing diffusers at a preset temperature and pressure.