A method for the restoration and treatment of a coal gangue mountain by using coal-based solid waste. The processes of forming a drainage system, grouting fire extinguishing, sealing and isolation, mixed gangue soil covering, and vegetation construction are sequentially performed on a coal gangue mountain body, and coal-based solid waste is run through many links such as coal gangue fire extinguishing, reignition prevention, water conservancy facility construction, greening treatment, etc. to effectively solve problems. The coal-based solid waste is used as the main raw material to prepare a series of materials for the treatment of a coal gangue mountain, which not only conserves natural repair materials, but also prevents environmental pollution caused by solid waste accumulation and damage to land resources.