Methods for dynamic user plane management may include new Layer 2 architectures for supporting simultaneous User Plane direct and indirect connections between a remote UE and gNB. Methods are described for dynamically managing UP Plane connections based on the QoS requirement of the traffic flow and the power consumption requirement of the remote UE. A method is described for dynamically managing CP connections between a remote UE and remote UE via a direct CP connection. A method is described for dynamically managing CP connections between a remote UE and remote UE via an indirect CP connection.