Provided are a primer set and a gene chip method for detecting a single base mutation, wherein the gene chip method comprises: providing a sample containing a nucleic acid sequence to be detected; amplifying the nucleic acid sequence to be detected in the sample by using a primer set by means of a polymerase chain reaction, and purifying the amplification product obtained after the polymerase chain reaction to remove unreacted primers and enzymes; and hybridizing the purified amplification product with a chip probe, and detecting mutation information of the nucleic acid sequence to be detected by using a chip reader. According to the method, a target nucleic acid sequence is amplified while a base mutation site is identified, which not only achieves the enhanced sensitivity of detection, but also can achieve simultaneous and rapid detection of multiple target nucleic acid sequences on the basis of the characteristics of a high-throughput dot matrix of a chip, high reading speed, etc.