A preparation method for a carbon electrode material and a carbon electrode material. The preparation method for a carbon electrode material comprises: carbonizing a pitch fiber, a resin fiber or a pitch-resin composite fiber obtained by spinning and curing, so as to obtain a carbon electrode material, the carbon electrode material being amorphous carbon. The carbon electrode material has excellent first charge capacity, a fast discharge constant-current ratio, an excellent capability for fast intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions and sodium ions, and an excellent cycling capability.