摘要:
An electronic meter (10) which automatically detects the service type and voltage to which the meter (10) is installed and which either automatically continues its own programming to the detected service is disclosed. An electronic energy meter (10) that permits the addition of new measurements or testing capabilities without requiring factory modifications to effect such functionality changes is also disclosed. The meter (10) includes firmware which measures the characteristics of electrical energy supplied to the meter and which generates characteristic signals reflective of the measured characteirstics of the electrical energy. A processor (16) is connected to receive and process the characteristic signals. The processing of the characteristic signals includes selecting and manipulating certain of the characteristic signals and generating characteristic information in response to the selection and generating additional characteristic information in response to the manipulation. It is preferred for the meter (10) to include a memory (35) having reference information stored therein. In such an embodiment, the manipulation of characteristic signals includes retrieving certain of the reference information and generating the characteristic information in response to the selected signals and the reference information.
摘要:
Voltage flicker is a power quality problem in power distribution circuits (10) which is caused by the operation of fluctuating loads (18) such as AC and DC electric arc furnaces, spot welders, starting of large ac motors, and the like. Converters (12) based on Voltage Source technology (VSC) connected in shunt close to the fluctuating load are found to have the capability of reducing the voltage flicker level. Flicker control systems (20) responsive to the active and reactive power components are used to exploit the capabilities of VSC in accordance with the invention. The flicker control systems (20) reduce the voltage flicker observed at the point of common coupling by adapting, e.g., H-infinity, Linear Quadratic Gaussian, Mininum Variance Control, and self-tuning design methods for flicker control in power systems (10) having fixed or self-tuning flicker controller parameters.
摘要:
Magnetic core structure of the stacked type having outer legs (11, 12), at least one inner leg (13), and top (14, 15) and bottom yokes (16, 17) formed of a plurality of stacked groups of layers of metallic laminations. The yoke and leg laminations have their ends cut diagonally to provide a closed magnetic circuit having diagonal joints between adjoining ends of the yoke and leg laminations. The length dimensions of the inner leg laminations are uniform from layer to layer within each group, while the junction of the diagonally cut ends of the inner leg laminations are offset from the centerline thereof from layer to layer in a step pattern that progresses an equal number of steps on each side of the centerline of each group of layers of inner leg laminations to be step dependent. The configuration of the outer leg laminations and the top and bottom yoke laminations are uniform from layer to layer within each group to be step independent. A method of stacking the laminations in groups is disclosed and there is also disclosed a method of making the center or inner laminations of the magnetic core structure in two parts where the width of the laminations is greater than the commercially available lamination material.
摘要:
An apparatus for electronically metering electrical energy, said electrical energy comprising voltage and current characteristics, wherein voltage and current signals representative of said voltage and current characteristics are provided. The apparatus comprises a first processor, connected to receive said voltage and current signals, for determining electrical energy from said voltage and current signals and for generating an energy signal representative of the electrical energy determination, said first processor comprising a memory for the storage of instructions, said first processor performing electrical energy determinations in response to the execution of said instructions. A modification means, is connected to said first processor, for modifying the instructions executed by said first processor; and an optical port, is connected to said modification means, for receiving and transmitting radiant energy signals; and an option connector, is connected to said modification means, for receiving and transmitting electrical signals, wherein an execution signal is received by one of said optical port and said option connector to modify the instructions executed by said first processor.
摘要:
High oleic acid triglyceride compositions that comprise fatty acid components of at least 75 % oleic acid, less than 10 % diunsaturated fatty acid component; less than 3 % triunsaturated fatty acid component; and less than 8 % saturated fatty acid component; and having the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.05 % at 25 °C, acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m at 25 °C, a flash point of at least 250 °C and a pour point of at least -15 °C are disclosed. An electrical insulation fluid comprising the triglyceride composition is disclosed. Electrical apparatuses comprising the electrical insulation fluid and the use of electrical insulation fluid to provide insulation in electrical apparatuses are disclosed. A process for preparing the high oleic acid triglyceride composition is disclosed.
摘要:
A dynamic mechanically-switched damping (DMSD) system is described which utilizes one or more mechanical switches and appropriate controls to switch series or shunt reactive impedances (14) in order to provide power oscillation damping in power systems. The DMSD system provides a controller (16) which can be configured based on the number of mechanical switches in the DMSD system, the type of reactive impedances interfaced to the power system by each switch and the magnitude of each of the reactive impedance. The DMSD system monitors parameters of the power system (17, 18) and the controller generates a modulation signal based on the monitored parameters. The modulation signal is processed to identify a reactive impedance of the available DMSD system reactive impedances required to damp power oscillations. Appropriate switches (32) are selected for supplying the required reactive impedance. A switching control signal is generated and output to each of the selected switches to synchronously open or close the switch at a predetermined instant.
摘要:
The meter includes a first processor (14) for determining electrical energy from voltage (12A, 12B, 12C) and current signals (18A, 18B, 18C) and for generating an energy signal (42, 44, 46, 48) representative of the electrical energy determination and a second processor (16) for receiving the energy signal and for generating an indication signal representative of said energy signal. An option connector (38) is connected to the first and second processors (14, 16), whereby the energy signal is provided to the option connector (38) and a communication connection (40) is provided between the option connector (38) and the second processor (16). It is also preferred to provide the option connector (38) with certain operation signals such as a power fail signal, a master reset signal, an end of demand signal, a KYZ signal, and the potential to communicate with various components of the meter, such as serial data communication, communication signals transmitted and received through an optical port and display signals. It is also preferred for the first processor (14) to include a comparator, connected to receive a precision voltage (22) and a reference voltage (28), wherein a comparator signal is generated whenever the reference voltage exceeds the precision voltage.
摘要:
An apparatus for electronically metering electrical energy, said electrical energy comprising voltage and current characteristics, wherein voltage and current signals representative of said voltage and current characteristics are provided. The apparatus comprises a first processor, connected to receive said voltage and current signals, for determining electrical energy from said voltage and current signals and for generating an energy signal representative of the electrical energy determination, said first processor comprising a memory for the storage of instructions, said first processor performing electrical energy determinations in response to the execution of said instructions. A modification means, is connected to said first processor, for modifying the instructions executed by said first processor; and an optical port, is connected to said modification means, for receiving and transmitting radiant energy signals; and an option connector, is connected to said modification means, for receiving and transmitting electrical signals, wherein an execution signal is received by one of said optical port and said option connector to modify the instructions executed by said first processor.
摘要:
The invention provides a high performance circuit breaker with an independent pole operation linkage and conical composite bushings. A mechanical linkage for independently opening and closing a plurality of associated switches is provided by the invention. The linkage comprises a plurality of connecting rods (32-34) that provide the initial driving force to open or close the switches, cranks (50) for opening and closing the contacts (12, 14, 15, 19) of respective switches, linking elements (36-39) which couple together the connecting rods (32-34) and the cranks (50), and a number of lever assemblies (40, 41) having a bearing ring (45, 46) interfaced thereto. The bearing rings (45, 46) provide a supportive interface between two linking elements (36-39) but permit the linking elements (36-39) to rotate independently from one another. The lever assemblies (40, 41) also provide an interface for the connecting rods (32-34) and linking elements (36-39). The present invention also includes a method of operation of the circuit breaker through the independent pole operation linkage.
摘要:
The meter includes a first processor (14) for determining electrical energy from voltage (12A, 12B, 12C) and current signals (18A, 18B, 18C) and for generating an energy signal (42, 44, 46, 48) representative of the electrical energy determination and a second processor (16) for receiving the energy signal and for generating an indication signal representative of said energy signal. An option connector (38) is connected to the first and second processors (14, 16), whereby the energy signal is provided to the option connector (38) and a communication connection (40) is provided between the option connector (38) and the second processor (16). It is also preferred to provide the option connector (38) with certain operation signals such as a power fail signal, a master reset signal, an end of demand signal, a KYZ signal, and the potential to communicate with various components of the meter, such as serial data communication, communication signals transmitted and received through an optical port and display signals. It is also preferred for the first processor (14) to include a comparator, connected to receive a precision voltage (22) and a reference voltage (28), wherein a comparator signal is generated whenever the reference voltage exceeds the precision voltage.