公开(公告)号：US20050007118A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-13

申请号：US10821236

申请日：2004-04-08

申请人： John Kitching ,  Leo Hollberg ,  Li-Anne Liew ,  Svenja Knappe ,  John Moreland ,  Volodja Velichanski ,  Hugh Robinson

发明人： John Kitching ,  Leo Hollberg ,  Li-Anne Liew ,  Svenja Knappe ,  John Moreland ,  Volodja Velichanski ,  Hugh Robinson

IPC分类号： G01V3/00

CPC分类号： G04F5/14 ,  H03L7/26

摘要： A method of fabricating compact alkali vapor filled cells that have volumes of 1 cm3 or less that are useful in atomic frequency reference devices such as atomic clocks. According to one embodiment the alkali vapor filled cells are formed by sealing the ends of small hollow glass fibers. According to another embodiment the alkali vapor filled cells are formed by anodic bonding of glass plates to silicon wafers to seal the openings of holes formed in the silicon wafers. The anodic bonding method of fabricating the alkali vapor filled cells enables the production of semi-monolithic integrated physics packages of various designs.

摘要翻译： 制造容量为1cm 3或更小的紧凑的基于碱性气体的填充单元的方法，其可用于诸如原子钟的原子频率参考装置。 根据一个实施方案，通过密封小中空玻璃纤维的端部形成碱性气体填充单元。 根据另一个实施方案，通过将玻璃板阳极结合到硅晶片来形成碱蒸汽填充单元，以密封形成在硅晶片中的孔的开口。 制造碱性蒸汽填充电池的阳极接合方法能够制造出各种设计的半单片集成物理封装。

公开(公告)号：US06831522B2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-14

申请号：US10175324

申请日：2002-06-20

申请人： John Kitching ,  Leo Hollberg ,  Robert Wynands ,  Svenja Knappe

发明人： John Kitching ,  Leo Hollberg ,  Robert Wynands ,  Svenja Knappe

IPC分类号： H03L726

CPC分类号： G04F5/14 ,  H03L7/26

摘要： A method is provided for optimizing the performance of laser-pumped atomic frequency references with respect to the laser detuning and other operating parameters. This method is based on the new understanding that the frequency references short-term instability is minimized when (a) the laser frequency is tuned nominally a few tens of MHz away from the center of the atomic absorption line, and (b) the external oscillator lock modulation frequency is set either far below or far above the inverse of the optical pumping time of the atoms.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于优化激光泵浦原子频率参考相对于激光失谐和其它操作参数的性能的方法。 这种方法是基于以下新的理解：当（a）激光频率被称为距离原子吸收线的中心几十MHz的频率时，频率参考短期不稳定性被最小化，（b）外部振荡器 锁定调制频率被设置为远低于或远高于原子的光泵浦时间的倒数。

公开(公告)号：US06806784B2

公开(公告)日：2004-10-19

申请号：US10175498

申请日：2002-06-20

申请人： Leo Hollberg ,  John Kitching

发明人： Leo Hollberg ,  John Kitching

IPC分类号： H03B1700

CPC分类号： H03L7/26 ,  G04F5/14 ,  G04F5/145 ,  H01S3/1304 ,  H01S3/305 ,  H01S5/0687 ,  H01S5/183

摘要： A microwave frequency standard is provided which allows for miniaturization down to length scales of order one micron, comprising a modulated light field originating from a laser that illuminates a collection of quantum absorbers contained in a micro-machined cell. The frequency standard of the present invention can be based on all-optical excitation techniques such as coherent population trapping (CPT) and stimulated Raman scattering or on conventional microwave-excited designs. In a CPT-based embodiment, a photodetector detects a change in transmitted power through the cell and that is used to stabilize an external oscillator to correspond to the absorber's transition frequency by locking the laser modulation frequency to the transition frequency. In a stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) embodiment, a high-speed photodetector detects a laser field transmitted through the cell beating with a second field originating in the cell. Both the locked laser modulation frequency and the beat frequency are very stable as they are referenced directly to the atomic transition.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种微波频率标准，其允许小型化至1微米级的长度尺度，包括源自激光器的调制光场，其照射微加工单元中所包含的量子吸收体的集合。 本发明的频率标准可以基于全光激发技术，例如相干群体捕获（CPT）和受激拉曼散射或在常规微波激发设计上。 在基于CPT的实施例中，光电检测器通过将激光调制频率锁定到转换频率来检测通过单元的发射功率的变化，并且其用于使外部振荡器稳定以对应于吸收器的转换频率。 在受激喇曼散射（SRS）实施例中，高速光电探测器检测通过电池传输的激光场与源自电池的第二场相撞。 锁定的激光调制频率和拍频都是非常稳定的，因为它们直接参照原子跃迁。

公开(公告)号：US4590597A

公开(公告)日：1986-05-20

申请号：US612291

申请日：1984-05-21

申请人： Ma Long-sheng ,  Leo Hollberg ,  Jon H. Shirley ,  John L. Hall

发明人： Ma Long-sheng ,  Leo Hollberg ,  Jon H. Shirley ,  John L. Hall

IPC分类号： H01S3/139 ,  H01S3/13

CPC分类号： H01S3/1392 ,  H01S3/1398

摘要： A method and apparatus are disclosed for precisely stabilizing a laser to a sub-Doppler resonance of an absorbing gas contained in a cell located external to the laser resonator. Stabilization is based on the detection of modulation transferred onto a previously unmodulated probe beam by the non-linear interactions of the absorbing gas located in a cell which is subject to a counter-running, frequency-modulated saturation beam. Alternatively, the further modulation of the saturation beam can be detected.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将激光精确地稳定在包含在位于激光谐振器外部的单元中的吸收气体的亚多普勒共振的方法和装置。 稳定是基于通过位于经受反向运行的频率调制的饱和波束的小区中的吸收气体的非线性相互作用来检测传输到先前未调制的探测光束的调制。 或者，可以检测饱和光束的进一步调制。

公开(公告)号：US08710428B1

公开(公告)日：2014-04-29

申请号：US13402792

申请日：2012-02-22

申请人： Thomas H. Loftus ,  Artyom Vitouchkine ,  Leo Hollberg

发明人： Thomas H. Loftus ,  Artyom Vitouchkine ,  Leo Hollberg

IPC分类号： H05H3/04

CPC分类号： H05H3/04

摘要： An atomic slower comprises a bore and one or more tapered permanent magnets configured to produce an axial magnetic field along an axis of the bore.

摘要翻译： 原子较慢包括孔和一个或多个锥形永磁体，其构造成沿着孔的轴线产生轴向磁场。