Abstract:
A liquid fuel spray atomizer nozzle for use with a gas turbine during combustion chamber fuel ignition, comprising a member having a high pressure air blast passageway for directing a stream of air, angularly in relation to the direction of fuel spray from a nozzle into the combustion chamber, so as to atomize and forcibly blow at least a part of the fuel toward an ignition device into ignition proximity therewith. The air blast can be blown directly across the fuel spray pattern or may be directed toward a side of the spray pattern. In all cases, the air must be under sufficient pressure to deflect and atomize the fuel spray sufficiently to provide for its ignition by the spark gap or other igniter.
Abstract:
A NONCONSUMABLE ELECTRODE HAVING A FLUID COOLED ARCING SURFACE AND MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATING MEANS FOR EXERTING A FORCE ON AN ARC BETWEEN ELECTRODE AND MELT AND CAUSING THE ARC TO MOVE IN GENERALLY REPETITIVE PATHS ON THE ELECTRODE AND ON THE MELT, WITH MEANS FOR ADJUSTING THE POWER OF THE ARC, IS USED IN PROCESS FOR PRODUCING STEEL PROVIDING GREATER ELECTRICAL HEATING EFFIFICENCY AND LESS CONTAMINATION BY MATERIAL LOST FROM THE ELECTRODE. ANOTHER PROCESS INCLUDES SUPPLYING HEAT FROM THE ELECTRODE TO PREVENT HEAT LOSS AND PERMIT A HOLDING OPERATION. THE PROCESSES INCLUDE SUPPLYING OXYGEN TO A MELT TO OXIDIZE IMPURITIES, EITHER BY A SEPARATE OXYGEN LANCE OR BY UTILIZING AN ELECTRODE HAVING AN AXIALLY EXTENDING PASSAGEWAY THERETHROUGH FOR BRINGING OXYGEN. OUR IMPROVED PROCESSES INCLUDE ALL ESSENTIAL STEPS IN MAKING STEEL, OR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE IN INDIVIDUAL STEPS.
Abstract:
A combustion chamber for a gas turbine power plant of the stepliner type including a plurality of annular double wall stepliner portions. The portions are of various sizes and are arranged concentrically and in order of increasing size from the upstream end toward the downstream end of the chamber. Each double wall liner portion includes an alternating smooth wall member and a serpentinous wall member. In one step, the smooth wall member is the radially inner wall and an overlapping portion of the serpentinous wall member is the radially outer wall. In the adjacent larger step, the serpentinous wall member is the radially inner wall and an overlapping portion of a larger diameter smooth wall member is the radially outer wall. The effect of this construction is to provide a combustion chamber capable of withstanding higher burning temperatures.
Abstract:
An arc heater having means forming an enclosed arc chamber, said means including first and second spaced electrodes electrically insulated from each other, the second electrode being the downstream electrode, the first and second electrodes being adapted to be connected to terminals of opposite polarity of a source of potential to produce and sustain an arc therebetween, means for admitting gas to be heated into the chamber and exhausting heated gas therefrom. Each of the first and second electrodes including a tip forming an arcing surface, each electrode tip having at least one space therein extending around the entire periphery of the tip, at least a portion of the space forming a fluid passageway for the flow of cooling fluid to conduct heat flux from the arcing surface, at least one permanent magnet mounted in the tip and occupying at least some of the remainder of the space in the tip, each electrode including supporting means for the tip secured thereto and including means for conducting fluid to and from the passageway in the tip, the permanent magnets within the tips creating a magnetic field with lines which are transverse to the arcing surfaces of both electrodes and which exert a force on the arc which causes the arc to move substantially continuously around and between the arcing surfaces of the tips.
Abstract:
Degassing apparatus similar to that employed in the D-H process includes means for producing an electric arc of controllable power within the vacuum degassing chamber during the degassing operation to supply heat to the molten material. The electrode includes means forming a fluid cooled arcing surface and a magnetic field coil for setting up a magnetic field so oriented with respect to the arc that a force is exerted on the arc which substantially continuously moves the arc along the arcing surface thereby reducing evaporation of material from the arcing surface and resulting in a more even distribution of heat to the molten metal within the vacuum chamber.
Abstract:
A gas turbine power plant having a combustion section defined by a casing structure divided into upper and lower semi-cylindrical casing halves along a horizontal plane. The casing halves encompass an annular array of combustion chambers equally spaced from the central axis of the turbine. The end wall of the casing structure has an annular array of equally spaced openings, at least one of the openings having a smaller diameter than the maximum diameter of the associated combustion chamber. This enables a closer clustering of the combustion chambers and a corresponding decrease in the diameter of the casing structure.
Abstract:
Apparatus for detecting the existence of a flame in a combustion chamber by means including an electroacoustic device for converting audible sounds which occur only when the flame is present into an electrical signal having a frequency component corresponding to the frequency of the audible sound. If necessary, a filter may be incorporated into the converting means for eliminating frequencies which occur due to the introduction of fuel and/or a gas containing oxygen into the combustion chamber without the existence of a flame. Alternatively, a threshold detector can be incorporated into the system for detecting audible sounds above a predetermined sound level only, which sounds are those due to the existence of a flame.