公开(公告)号：US4325329A

公开(公告)日：1982-04-20

申请号：US146282

申请日：1980-05-05

申请人： Thomas G. Taylor

发明人： Thomas G. Taylor

IPC分类号： F02B1/02 ,  F02B43/08

CPC分类号： F02B43/08 ,  F02B1/02 ,  Y02T10/32 ,  Y10S203/08

摘要： The present invention entails a method and apparatus for producing alcohol and mixing the produced alcohol with a conventional petroleum fuel to form an alcohol-petroleum fuel mix which is typically referred to as gasohol. A grain base material such as animal feed or crushed corn is allowed to ferment and during this process there is produced an alcohol base solution which is removed from the mash fermentation and delivered to a boiler mounted on a vehicle. During operation of the vehicle, heat from the vehicle engine exhaust is selectively directed to the boiler and the fermented alcohol base solution contained therein is heated by this exhaust air. As the alcohol base solution is heated there is produced an alcohol vapor which is directed from the boiler to a condenser where the alcohol vapor becomes liquid alcohol. The liquid alcohol is then collected and selectively mixed with a petroleum fuel carried by said vehicle to form the gasohol mix. Once formed, the gasohol mix is then directed to a carburetor operatively associated with the vehicle engine where the gasohol is metered into the engine.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种生产醇并将生产的醇与常规石油燃料混合以形成通常称为汽油醇的醇 - 石油燃料混合物的方法和装置。 允许诸如动物饲料或粉碎的玉米的谷物基质发酵，并且在该过程中产生从麦芽汁发酵中除去的醇基溶液并将其输送到安装在车辆上的锅炉。 在车辆运行期间，来自车辆发动机排气的热量被选择性地导向锅炉，并且其中容纳的发酵的醇基溶液被该排气加热。 当醇基溶液被加热时，产生从蒸汽引导到冷凝器的醇蒸汽，其中醇蒸气变成液体醇。 然后收集液态醇并与所述载体携带的石油燃料选择性混合以形成汽油醇混合物。 一旦形成，汽油醇混合物然后被引导到与车辆发动机操作地相关联的化油器，其中将汽油计量到发动机中。

公开(公告)号：US4244328A

公开(公告)日：1981-01-13

申请号：US885324

申请日：1978-03-10

申请人： Olle B. Lindstrom

发明人： Olle B. Lindstrom

IPC分类号： F02M27/02 ,  F02B1/02 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02B47/02 ,  F02B51/02 ,  F02B43/08 ,  F02B19/00 ,  F02B47/00

CPC分类号： F02B47/02 ,  F02B1/02 ,  F02B51/02 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B3/06 ,  Y02T10/12 ,  Y02T10/121 ,  Y02T10/126

摘要： An improved process and apparatus for preparing a gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide to be supplied to the air/fuel mixture of a combustion engine is disclosed. The process and apparatus are useful in reducing the amount of noxious components and aldehydes in the engine exhaust gas. In one embodiment of the invention, an improved process and combustion engine are provided for reducing the noxious components and aldehydes. Recycled, water vapor-containing exhaust gas is mixed with at least one lower alcohol. Subsequently, the lower alcohol is catalytically steam reformed in the presence of the exhaust gas to form a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, at least a portion of the water vapor and energy required for the steam reforming being provided by the exhaust gas. The hydrogen/carbon monoxide mixture is combined with a mixture of air and a disparate primary engine fuel, and the combined mixture is supplied to a combustion zone wherein the mixture is combusted to produce an exhaust gas having a reduced amount of noxious components and aldehydes. Preferably, the lower alcohol is methanol, the primary fuel is gasoline, and the steam reforming is carried out in the presence of a noble metal catalyst or a nickel catalyst.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于制备供应到内燃机的空气/燃料混合物的烃和一氧化碳气态混合物的改进方法和装置。 该方法和装置可用于减少发动机废气中的有害成分和醛的量。 在本发明的一个实施方案中，提供改进的工艺和燃烧发动机用于减少有毒成分和醛。 再循环的含水蒸汽废气与至少一种低级醇混合。 随后，低级醇在废气存在下进行催化蒸汽重整以形成氢气和一氧化碳的气体混合物，至少一部分水蒸气和蒸气重整所需的能量由废气提供。 氢/一氧化碳混合物与空气和不同的一次发动机燃料的混合物组合，并且将混合的混合物供应到燃烧区，其中混合物被燃烧以产生具有减少量的有害成分和醛的废气。 优选地，低级醇是甲醇，主要燃料是汽油，并且蒸汽重整在贵金属催化剂或镍催化剂的存在下进行。

公开(公告)号：US4123997A

公开(公告)日：1978-11-07

申请号：US775039

申请日：1977-03-07

申请人： Roger Oswald ,  Georges Agache

发明人： Roger Oswald ,  Georges Agache

IPC分类号： F02B1/02 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02B75/12

CPC分类号： F02M13/06 ,  F02B1/02 ,  F02D19/084 ,  F02B1/04 ,  Y02T10/36

摘要： The engine has a device for injecting fuel, preferably at high pressure, into the cylinder of cylinders, a device adjusting the injection advance in dependence on the load, and a controlled ignition device, the said engine being arranged to use a fuel other than a petroleum product, preferably an alcohol based product, and being characterized in that its dimensional characteristics are determined to supply a volumetric compression ratio between 12 and 20, preferably between 15 and 18 and in particular close to 16, and in that the device adjusting the injection advance is such that it supplies, at least for starting, a high value of advance, particularly of the order of 180.degree..

摘要翻译： 发动机具有用于将燃料优选地以高压喷射到气缸中的装置，根据负载调节喷射前进量的装置以及受控点火装置，所述发动机设置成使用不同于 石油产品，优选醇基产物，其特征在于其尺寸特性被确定为提供12至20之间，优选15至18，特别是接近16的体积压缩比，并且调节注射的装置 这样的进步至少为起始提供了高价值的进步，特别是180度的高价值。

公开(公告)号：US4100736A

公开(公告)日：1978-07-18

申请号：US687932

申请日：1976-05-19

申请人： Yasuo Nakajima ,  Yoshimasa Hayashi ,  Yasuo Takagi

发明人： Yasuo Nakajima ,  Yoshimasa Hayashi ,  Yasuo Takagi

IPC分类号： F02P15/02 ,  F02B1/02 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B23/08 ,  F02B47/08 ,  F02F1/24 ,  F02M25/07 ,  F02M25/06

CPC分类号： F02B23/08 ,  F02F1/242 ,  F02M26/13 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B2023/085 ,  F02M2026/007 ,  Y02T10/125

摘要： An air-fuel mixture containing a relatively large amount of recirculated exhaust gases is smoothly and rapidly burned by producing squish turbulence and igniting the mixture with a plurality of spark plugs.

摘要翻译： 含有相当大量的再循环废气的空气 - 燃料混合物通过产生闷热湍流并且用多个火花塞点燃该混合物而平稳且快速地燃烧。

公开(公告)号：US4028067A

公开(公告)日：1977-06-07

申请号：US583292

申请日：1975-06-03

申请人： Colin William Gent

发明人： Colin William Gent

IPC分类号： C07C1/00 ,  C07C4/06 ,  C07C9/04 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C10K3/04 ,  C10L3/08 ,  C10L3/12 ,  F02B1/02 ,  C10G11/28

CPC分类号： C10L3/08 ,  F02B1/02

摘要： A process for producing a substitute natural gas from methanol, especially seaborne methanol liable to be contaminated with chloride, comprises catalytically reacting methanol vapor in a decomposition stage at an outlet temperature above 550.degree. C, cooling the resulting gas by indirect heat exchange, preferably with water, to 250.degree.-350.degree. C, methanating the cooled gas with an outlet temperature of 500.degree.-650.degree. C, cooling the methanated gas by indirect heat exchange, preferably with methanol, and methanating the resulting gas in at least one further methanation stage. By avoiding the injection of liquid methanol, as had been previously proposed, for cooling the hot gas, the poisoning of catalysts by impurities such as chloride does not take place.

摘要翻译： 一种从甲醇生产替代天然气的方法，特别是容易被氯化物污染的海运甲醇的方法，包括在高于550℃出口温度的分解阶段使甲醇蒸汽催化反应，通过间接热交换冷却所得气体， 水，至250〜-350℃，对出口温度为500〜-650℃的冷却气进行甲烷化，通过间接热交换，优选用甲醇将甲烷化气体冷却，并将所得气体甲烷化至少一次甲烷化 阶段。 如前所述，通过避免注入液态甲醇来冷却热气，不会发生诸如氯化物之类的杂质对催化剂的中毒。

公开(公告)号：US3929115A

公开(公告)日：1975-12-30

申请号：US34184773

申请日：1973-03-16

申请人： HITACHI LTD

发明人： YAMAUTI TERUO ,  OYAMA YOSHISHIGE ,  HOHSHO YUKIO

IPC分类号： F02P15/08 ,  F02B1/02 ,  F02B25/10 ,  F02M31/08 ,  F02M31/083 ,  F02P5/155 ,  F02P15/02 ,  F02P1/00

CPC分类号： F02M31/083 ,  F02B25/10 ,  F02P5/155 ,  F02P15/02 ,  Y02T10/126 ,  Y02T10/46

摘要： Means for cleaning exhaust gas in a reciprocating piston type automobile engine comprising fuel supply means for supplying a lean fuel-air mixture, means provided downstream of the fuel supply means for sufficiently atomizing the supplied fuel, primary and auxiliary ignition plugs provided in each engine combustion chamber, and means for determining the ignition timing of the auxiliary plug 0* to 25* different from that of the primary plug in accordance with the operating condition of engine.

摘要翻译： 用于清洁往复式活塞式汽车发动机中的废气的装置，包括用于供给贫燃料混合气体的燃料供给装置，设置在燃料供给装置的下游的装置，用于使所供给的燃料充分雾化，设置在每个发动机燃烧中的主要和辅助火花塞 以及用于根据发动机的运行状况确定与主塞的0°至25°的辅助插头的点火正时的装置。

公开(公告)号：US3881458A

公开(公告)日：1975-05-06

申请号：US39651773

申请日：1973-09-12

申请人： BOSCH GMBH ROBERT

发明人： ROOZENBEEK HERMAN ,  BODIG BERND ,  MEYER KLAUS ,  FRITZ ADOLF

IPC分类号： F02P3/04 ,  F02P3/045 ,  F02B1/02

CPC分类号： F02P3/0453

摘要： An internal combustion engine is comprised of at least one engine cylinder, devices for introducing a combustion mixture into the cylinder, and an electrical igniting element operative for igniting the combustion mixture in the cylinder once per ignition cycle. An ignition transformer has a secondary winding connected across the igniting element, and also has a primary winding. A flow of current is established through the primary winding. An electronic switch is connected in the current path of the primary winding to control the flow of current through the primary winding. A triggering unit generates a train of crankshaft-synchronized triggering signals. A monostable control circuit has a trigger input for receipt of such triggering signals, and is operative when triggered into the unstable state for rendering and maintaining the electronic switch nonconductive for the duration of the unstable state, so as to interrupt the flow of current through the primary winding and induce across the secondary winding a voltage surge causing the igniting element to ignite the combustion mixture in the engine cylinder. When the monostable control circuit reverts to its stable state, it renders and maintains the electronic switch conductive for the duration of the stable state, whereby to establish a build-up of current flow in the primary winding in preparation for the next interruption of current flow. The monostable control circuit includes a timing stage operative for automatically increasing the ratio of the duration of the unstable state to the duration of the ignition cycle with increasing engine speed within a predetermined range of engine speeds.

摘要翻译： 内燃机包括至少一个发动机气缸，用于将燃烧混合物引入气缸中的装置，以及用于在点火循环中点燃气缸中的燃烧混合物一次的电点火元件。 点火变压器具有连接在点火元件上的次级绕组，并且还具有初级绕组。 通过初级绕组建立电流。 电子开关连接在初级绕组的电流路径中，以控制通过初级绕组的电流。 触发单元产生一串曲轴同步的触发信号。 单稳态控制电路具有用于接收这种触发信号的触发输入，并且当触发到不稳定状态时操作，以在不稳定状态的持续时间内使电子开关不导通，从而中断电流的流动 通过初级绕组并且在次级绕组上引起电压浪涌，导致点火元件点燃发动机气缸中的燃烧混合物。 当单稳态控制电路恢复到稳定状态时，它会使电子开关在稳定状态持续时间内导通，从而在初级绕组中建立电流流动，以准备下一次电流中断 。 单稳态控制电路包括定时级，其操作用于在发动机转速的预定范围内随着发动机转速的增加自动地增加不稳定状态的持续时间与点火周期的持续时间的比率。

公开(公告)号：US11193075B1

公开(公告)日：2021-12-07

申请号：US16930453

申请日：2020-07-16

申请人： National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC

发明人： Eric Monroe ,  Joseph Carlson ,  Ryan Wesley Davis

IPC分类号： C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/185 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L10/12 ,  F02B1/12 ,  F02B1/02 ,  C10L10/16

摘要： A fuel for an internal combustion engine includes a fatty alkyl ether having a formula corresponding to formula (II): wherein x is 1-8, and y is 0 to 3; and the alkyl is an alkyl group having a number of carbon atoms that is less than the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain on the opposite side of the oxygen atom. The fatty alky ether can be used as a neat fuel or blend with biodiesel, diesel, ethanol or other fuels. The fatty alkyl ethers are improved in cetane number and cold flow properties over a biodiesel with fatty acid methyl acid methyl ester compounds. This is particularly valuable for compression ignition engines. A method of combustion in several types of engines is also disclosed.

公开(公告)号：US20160138510A1

公开(公告)日：2016-05-19

申请号：US14900956

申请日：2014-06-20

申请人： WESTPORT POWER INC.

发明人： Mathieu P. BOUVIER ,  Justin DUAN ,  Wei FEI ,  Fadi KANAFANI

IPC分类号： F02D41/30 ,  F02B1/02 ,  F02M31/18 ,  F02D19/02 ,  F02M21/06 ,  F02M21/02

CPC分类号： F02D41/3005 ,  F02B1/02 ,  F02D19/022 ,  F02D19/024 ,  F02D19/027 ,  F02M21/0212 ,  F02M21/0221 ,  F02M21/0275 ,  F02M21/0278 ,  F02M21/0287 ,  F02M21/06 ,  F02M31/18 ,  Y02T10/126 ,  Y02T10/32

摘要： Engines fuelled with gaseous fuel stored in liquefied form comprise different strategies and controls for managing gaseous fuel compared to other systems, previously resulting in an ad hoc arrangements of controllers. An engine control apparatus comprises an internal combustion engine fuelled with a gaseous fuel stored in liquefied form and a control unit programmed with a fuel system module, for monitoring gaseous fuel pressure and actuating a fuel injection apparatus for introducing gaseous fuel into a combustion chamber, and a liquefied gaseous fuel module, for monitoring the quantity of liquefied gaseous fuel remaining in a storage vessel and controlling a pumping apparatus that pumps liquefied gaseous fuel from the storage vessel to a vaporizer. The fuel system control module and the liquefied gaseous fuel control module cooperate to introduce gaseous fuel in the combustion chamber at a predetermined pressure as a function of engine operating conditions.

摘要翻译： 以液化形式存储的气体燃料燃料的发动机与其他系统相比，包含不同的管理气体燃料的策略和控制措施，以前导致控制器的特殊安排。 一种发动机控制装置，包括用液化燃料储存的气体燃料燃料的内燃机和用燃料系统模块编程的控制单元，用于监测气体燃料压力并致动用于将气体燃料引入燃烧室的燃料喷射装置，以及 液化气态燃料组件，用于监测储存容器中剩余的液化气体的量，并控制将液化气体燃料从储存容器泵送到汽化器的泵送装置。 燃料系统控制模块和液化气体燃料控制模块协作以随着发动机操作条件的函数在预定压力下将气体燃料引入燃烧室。

公开(公告)号：US08826870B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-09

申请号：US13959211

申请日：2013-08-05

申请人： Louis A. Green

发明人： Louis A. Green

IPC分类号： F02B25/00 ,  F02B1/02 ,  F02B33/20 ,  F01L7/02 ,  F02B33/06 ,  F02B25/18 ,  F01P1/06 ,  F02B75/02

CPC分类号： F02B33/06 ,  F01L7/026 ,  F01P1/06 ,  F02B1/02 ,  F02B25/18 ,  F02B33/20 ,  F02B2075/025 ,  Y10T29/49231

摘要： A two-stroke engine includes a crankshaft that is rotatable about an axis, and an engine block that includes a combustion cylinder and a compression cylinder. A first piston is slidably disposed within the combustion cylinder and is operatively coupled to the crankshaft for reciprocating movement within the combustion cylinder through a power stroke during each rotation of the crankshaft about the axis. A second piston is slidably disposed within the compression cylinder and is operatively coupled to the crankshaft for reciprocating movement within the compression cylinder such that fresh air is received and compressed in the compression cylinder during each rotation of the crankshaft about the axis. A conduit provides fluid communication between the combustion cylinder and the compression cylinder, and a fuel injector is in communication with the combustion cylinder for admitting fuel into the combustion cylinder.

摘要翻译： 二冲程发动机包括可围绕轴线旋转的曲轴和包括燃烧气缸和压缩气缸的发动机缸体。 第一活塞可滑动地设置在燃烧气缸内并且可操作地联接到曲轴，用于在曲轴围绕轴线的每次旋转期间通过功率冲程在燃烧气缸内往复运动。 第二活塞可滑动地设置在压缩气缸内并且可操作地联接到曲轴以在压缩气缸内往复运动，使得在曲轴绕轴线的每次旋转期间，新鲜空气被容纳并压缩在压缩气缸中。 导管提供燃烧气缸和压缩气缸之间的流体连通，并且燃料喷射器与燃烧气缸连通，用于将燃料引入燃烧气缸。