公开(公告)号：US4278446A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-14

申请号：US44354

申请日：1979-05-31

Applicant: Charles W. Von Rosenberg, Jr. ,  David B. Stickler ,  Richard E. Gannon

Inventor： Charles W. Von Rosenberg, Jr. ,  David B. Stickler ,  Richard E. Gannon

IPC: C10J3/46

CPC classification number: C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/845 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y10S48/04

Abstract: A process and apparatus for gasification of carbonaceous matter, preferably coal, is disclosed. A stream of previously produced char, preferably produced from coal, or other fuel together with an oxidizer and steam is introduced into a first or combustion stage. The combustion gas produced by the combustion passes into a second or gasification stage and through a nozzle at at least sonic velocity. Pulverized carbonaceous matter, preferably coal, is introduced and dispersed in the combustion gas in the gasification stage. The temperature, velocity and velocity changes principally of the gas in the gasification stage are controlled to provide a heating rate for the particles of pulverized carbonaceous matter of at least about 10.sup.5 degrees Kelvin per second, and to effect rapid removal of volatile components from the immediate vicinity of the particles. Upon substantial gasification of the particles in the gasification stage, the resultant product stream may be quenched, the char removed, and preferably at least a portion thereof introduced into the combustion stage.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于气化碳质物质，优选煤的方法和装置。 将先前生产的炭，优选由煤或其他燃料与氧化剂和蒸汽一起引入到第一或燃烧阶段。 由燃烧产生的燃烧气体以至少的声速进入第二或气化阶段并通过喷嘴。 将粉化的碳质物质，优选煤引入并分散在气化阶段的燃烧气体中。 控制气化阶段中主要气体的温度，速度和速度变化，以提供每秒至少约105开氏度的粉碎碳质物质颗粒的加热速率，并使挥发性成分从即时 颗粒附近。 在气化阶段中颗粒实质气化之后，所得产物流可被淬火，除去焦炭，优选至少部分被引入燃烧阶段。

公开(公告)号：US4278445A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-14

申请号：US44020

申请日：1979-05-31

Applicant: David B. Stickler ,  Charles W. Von Rosenberg, Jr. ,  Richard E. Gannon

Inventor： David B. Stickler ,  Charles W. Von Rosenberg, Jr. ,  Richard E. Gannon

IPC: C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/50

CPC classification number: C10J3/506 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/526 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1606 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  Y10S48/04

Abstract: A process and apparatus for gasification of carbonaceous matter, preferably coal, is disclosed. In one embodiment, a stream of previously produced char, preferably produced from coal or other fuel, together with an oxidizer and steam is introduced into a combustion stage. The combustion gas produced by the combustion passes into a mixing zone and thence with high turbulence into a gasification zone or stage at subsonic velocity. Pulverized carbonaceous matter, preferably coal, is introduced and dispersed in the combustion gas in the mixing zone. The temperature, velocity and velocity changes principally of the gas in the gasification zone or stage are controlled to provide a heating rate for the particles of pulverized carbonaceous matter of at least about 10.sup.5 degrees Kelvin per second, and to effect rapid removal of volatile components from the immediate vicinity of the particles. Upon substantial gasification of the particles in the gasification stage, the resultant product stream may be quenched, the char removed, and preferably at least a portion thereof introduced into the combustion stage.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于气化碳质物质，优选煤的方法和装置。 在一个实施方案中，将优选由煤或其它燃料产生的先前生产的焦炭与氧化剂和蒸汽一起引入燃烧阶段。 由燃烧产生的燃烧气体进入混合区，从而将高湍流进入气化区或亚音速阶段。 粉碎的碳质物质，优选煤，被引入并分散在混合区中的燃烧气体中。 控制气化区或阶段中主要气体的温度，速度和速度变化，为每秒至少约105开氏度的粉碎碳质物质颗粒提供加热速率，并实现快速去除挥发性成分 颗粒附近。 在气化阶段中颗粒实质气化之后，所得产物流可被淬火，除去焦炭，优选至少部分被引入燃烧阶段。

公开(公告)号：US4268275A

公开(公告)日：1981-05-19

申请号：US18118

申请日：1979-03-07

Applicant: Donald E. Chittick

Inventor： Donald E. Chittick

IPC: C10B53/02 ,  C10J3/10 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/58 ,  C10J3/64 ,  C10J3/00

CPC classification number: C10B53/02 ,  C10J3/10 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/32 ,  C10J3/58 ,  C10J3/64 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/1253 ,  C10J2300/1869 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  Y02E50/14

Abstract: The apparatus includes a pyrolytic reactor in which an initial charge of charcoal is located. An inlet is provided for introduction of the organic material and an exit is provided for the resulting gases and ash products. The reactor is arranged to permit a continuous flow of organic material volatiles, and char through the reactor, resulting in continual replenishment of organic material in the pyrolizing portion of the reactor, and replenishment of the charcoal bed portion by the char produced from the pyrolysis reaction. The reactor vessel is heated to the correct temperatures by means such as electric heating coils or hot air/flame jackets.

Abstract translation: 该装置包括热解反应器，其中定位有木炭的初始装料。 提供用于引入有机材料的入口，并为所得到的气体和灰分产品提供出口。 反应器布置成允许有机材料挥发物和焦炭连续流过反应器，导致在反应器的热解部分中持续补充有机材料，并且由热解反应产生的焦炭补充炭床部分 。 通过诸如电加热线圈或热空气/火焰夹克的方式将反应器容器加热到正确的温度。

公开(公告)号：US4235625A

公开(公告)日：1980-11-25

申请号：US931256

申请日：1978-08-04

Applicant: Kurt Tippmer

Inventor： Kurt Tippmer

IPC: C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C22B5/12

CPC classification number: C10J3/84 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/526 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/845 ,  C10J2300/0906 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/1253 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1869 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y02P20/129

Abstract: A method of producing hydrogen and carbon-oxide-containing gases for use for reducing ores and synthesizing hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing organic substances, comprises, directing a suspension of finely ground coal and oxygen through a burner into a pressure reactor to convert the coal into gases and partly burning the gases, separating the gases from non-converted coal and ash, directing the separated gases into a quenching water so that their heat content is converted into pressure steam and the gases are precooled. The precooled gases are further purified and further cooled. During quenching, the gases are cooled from temperatures in the range of from 1300.degree. C. to 1500.degree. C. down to 200.degree. C. to 300.degree. C., depending on the gasification pressure. The ash-free gases then become highly loaded with steam to a steam-to-gas ratio of 2 as they are cooled down to a temperature of from between 100.degree. C. to 200.degree. C., and to also form a condensate. The condensate is separated from the gases and recycled into the quenching process and the gases are further cooled to a temperature of from 4.degree. C. to 80.degree. C. and subsequently directed to the synthetic or ore-reducing process.

Abstract translation: 一种生产用于还原矿石和合成烃类和含氧有机物质的含氢氧化物气体的方法，包括：将精细研磨的煤和氧气的悬浮液通过燃烧器引入压力反应器中以将煤转化为 气体并且部分地燃烧气体，将气体与未转化的煤和灰分离，将分离的气体引导到淬火水中，使得它们的热含量转化为压力蒸汽并且气体被预冷却。 将预冷气体进一步纯化并进一步冷却。 在淬火期间，根据气化压力，将气体从1300℃至1500℃的温度冷却至200℃至300℃。 然后，无灰的气体变得高度负载蒸汽，蒸汽与气体的比例为2，因为它们被冷却至100℃至200℃的温度，并且还形成冷凝物。 将冷凝物与气体分离并再循环到淬火过程中，并将气体进一步冷却至4℃至80℃的温度，随后指向合成或矿石还原过程。

公开(公告)号：US4209304A

公开(公告)日：1980-06-24

申请号：US920939

申请日：1978-06-30

Applicant: Richard V. Kessler ,  John T. Nolan, Jr.

Inventor： Richard V. Kessler ,  John T. Nolan, Jr.

IPC: C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/10

CPC classification number: C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/503 ,  C10J3/506 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/0909 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y10S48/04

Abstract: A method of feeding powdered coal to a high pressure reactor which is being used with a fluidized bed/entrained flow coal gasification process. It includes steps of feeding a moist powdered coal to an extruder, and extruding the mixture into a high pressure stream of gas. The extrudate is dispersed into the gas stream, and the stream of extrudate and gas carrier is dried. Then the dry extrudate is separated and fed into the reactor vessel.

Abstract translation: 将粉煤供给到与流化床/夹带气煤气化过程一起使用的高压反应器的方法。 它包括将湿粉煤送入挤出机的步骤，并将混合物挤压成高压气流。 将挤出物分散到气流中，并将挤出物和气体载体流干燥。 然后将干燥的挤出物分离并进料到反应器容器中。

公开(公告)号：US4193771A

公开(公告)日：1980-03-18

申请号：US903635

申请日：1978-05-08

Applicant: David W. Sharp ,  LeRoy R. Clavenna ,  Martin L. Gorbaty ,  Joe M. Tsou

Inventor： David W. Sharp ,  LeRoy R. Clavenna ,  Martin L. Gorbaty ,  Joe M. Tsou

IPC: C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/54

CPC classification number: C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/66 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0966 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

Abstract: In a coal gasification operation or similar conversion process carried out in the presence of an alkali metal-containing catalyst wherein solid particles containing alkali metal residues are produced in the gasifier or similar reaction zone, alkali metal constitutents are recovered from the particles by withdrawing and passing the particles from the reaction zone to an alkali metal recovery zone in the substantial absence of molecular oxygen and treating the particles in the recovery zone with water or an aqueous solution in the substantial absence of molecular oxygen. The solution formed by treating the particles in the recovery zone will contain water-soluble alkali metal constituents and is recycled to the conversion process where the alkali metal constituents serve as at least a portion of the alkali metal constituents which comprise the alkali metal-containing catalyst. Preventing contact of the particles with oxygen as they are withdrawn from the reaction zone and during treatment in the recovery zone avoids the formation of undesirable alkali metal constituents in the aqueous solution produced in the recovery zone and insures maximum recovery of water-soluble alkali metal constituents from the alkali metal residues.

Abstract translation: 在含有碱金属的催化剂的存在下进行的煤气化操作或类似的转化方法中，其中在气化器或类似反应区中产生含有碱金属残留物的固体颗粒，通过抽出和通过从颗粒中回收碱金属组分 在基本上不存在分子氧的情况下，从反应区到碱金属回收区的颗粒，并且在基本上没有分子氧的情况下用水或水溶液处理回收区中的颗粒。 通过处理回收区中的颗粒形成的溶液将含有水溶性碱金属成分，并被循环到转化过程中，其中碱金属成分用作至少一部分含碱金属的催化剂的碱金属成分 。 防止颗粒与氧气在从反应区域中取出并在回收区域中处理期间与氧接触，避免在回收区产生的水溶液中形成不需要的碱金属成分，并确保水溶性碱金属成分的最大回收率 来自碱金属残留物。

公开(公告)号：US4188915A

公开(公告)日：1980-02-19

申请号：US886386

申请日：1978-03-14

Applicant: Joachim Kummel ,  Heinz Dressen ,  Wilhelm Danguillier ,  Paul Gernhardt ,  Wolfgang Grams ,  Siegfried Pohl

Inventor： Joachim Kummel ,  Heinz Dressen ,  Wilhelm Danguillier ,  Paul Gernhardt ,  Wolfgang Grams ,  Siegfried Pohl

IPC: C10J3/76 ,  F22B1/18 ,  F22B37/10 ,  F22B37/00

CPC classification number: F22B1/1846 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/845 ,  C10J3/86 ,  F22B1/1884 ,  F22B37/108 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

Abstract: A system is provided for cooling high-temperature, high-pressure gasifiers having cooling tubes which extend vertically through the walls of the gasifier and are connected in a closed cooling water circulation system.In accordance with the invention, the cooling tubes are coated on the inside of the gasifier with a plasma or flame sprayed ceramic coating, preferably consisting of alumina, and are embedded in a ramming compound such as tamped clay.

Abstract translation: 提供一种用于冷却高温高压气化器的系统，其具有垂直延伸穿过气化器的壁并且在封闭的冷却水循环系统中连接的冷却管。 根据本发明，冷却管用等离子体或火焰喷涂的陶瓷涂层涂覆在气化器的内部，优选由氧化铝组成，并且嵌入夯实化合物如夯实的粘土中。

公开(公告)号：US4169038A

公开(公告)日：1979-09-25

申请号：US889744

申请日：1978-03-24

Applicant: William J. Metrailer ,  Roby Bearden, Jr. ,  Clyde L. Aldridge

Inventor： William J. Metrailer ,  Roby Bearden, Jr. ,  Clyde L. Aldridge

IPC: C10B55/10 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/06 ,  C10G1/08 ,  C10G69/06 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10G9/32

CPC classification number: C10J3/54 ,  C10B55/10 ,  C10G1/002 ,  C10G1/08 ,  C10G1/086 ,  C10G69/06 ,  C10J3/503 ,  C10J3/66 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/0906 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/0986 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  Y10S208/951

Abstract: A combination slurry hydroconversion, coking and coke gasification process is provided wherein solid fines having an average particle size of less than 10 microns in diameter or the ashes thereof recovered from a gaseous product derived from the coke gasification are used as a catalyst in the hydroconversion stage.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种组合浆料加氢转化，焦化和焦炭气化方法，其中直径小于10微米的固体细粉或其衍生自焦炭气化的气态产物回收的灰分在加氢转化阶段用作催化剂 。

公开(公告)号：US4141696A

公开(公告)日：1979-02-27

申请号：US900951

申请日：1978-04-28

Applicant: Charles P. Marion ,  Lawrence E. Estabrook ,  George N. Richter

Inventor： Charles P. Marion ,  Lawrence E. Estabrook ,  George N. Richter

IPC: B01D3/06 ,  B01D12/00 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C01B3/52 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/26 ,  C10B27/00 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C01B2/14

CPC classification number: C01B3/52 ,  B01D12/00 ,  B01D3/06 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C02F1/048 ,  C02F1/26 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J3/845 ,  C10J3/86 ,  C10K1/101 ,  C10K3/04 ,  C01B2203/0415 ,  C01B2203/0465 ,  C01B2203/0475 ,  C01B2203/048 ,  C01B2203/0485 ,  C01B2203/049 ,  C01B2203/0495 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1675 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

Abstract: Dispersions comprising water and particulate solids i.e. carbon and ash are produced in at least one gas cooling or scrubbing zone by quench cooling or scrubbing the raw gas stream from a partial oxidation gas generator with water. The dispersions are resolved by liquid extraction in a decanting zone to produce a water layer containing carbon, dissolved gas, and ash, and also a separate dispersion comprising carbon, extractant, and water. Solids-free water and liquid extractant are then separated from said dispersion in a distillation zone. This water is introduced on to a stripping plate of a flash column along with solids-free recycle condensate from the flash column. The solids-containing water from the decanting zone is flashed below said stripping plate and a portion is converted into steam. The steam passes up through holes or bubble caps in the stripping plate and is dispersed through the water contained on said plate. If desired, a portion of the water obtained from blowing-down a gas cooler may be flashed to steam below the stripping plate. Unvaporized water falls to the bottom of the column. A vertical weir separates the flash column at the bottom into two chambers. Solids settle out of the water in the first chamber and clarified water flows over the weir into the second chamber. Overflow water from the stripping plate is discharged below the water-level in the second chamber by way of a downcomer. Reclaimed water is pumped to said gas cooling and scrubbing zones from the second chamber, and waste water containing solids in the first chamber is discharged from the system.

Abstract translation: 包含水和颗粒固体（即碳和灰分）的分散体在至少一个气体冷却或洗涤区中通过淬火冷却或用水洗涤来自部分氧化气体发生器的原料气流而产生。 通过在倾析区域中的液体萃取来分离分散体，以产生含有碳，溶解气体和灰分的水层，以及包含碳，萃取剂和水的单独分散体。 然后将无固体水和液体萃取剂与蒸馏区中的所述分散体分离。 将该水引入闪蒸塔的剥离板以及来自闪蒸塔的无固体循环冷凝物。 来自倾析区域的含固体的水在所述剥离板下方闪蒸，并将一部分转化为蒸汽。 蒸汽通过汽提板中的孔或气泡盖，并通过包含在所述板上的水分散。 如果需要，从吹气气体冷却器获得的一部分水可以被闪蒸到汽提板下方的蒸汽。 未蒸发的水落在塔底部。 垂直堰将底部的闪蒸塔分成两个室。 固体沉积在第一个室中的水中，澄清的水流过堰进入第二个室。 来自剥离板的溢流水通过降液管排放到第二室中的水位以下。 回收水被泵送到来自第二室的所述气体冷却和洗涤区域，并且在第一室中含有固体的废水从系统中排出。

公开(公告)号：US4137052A

公开(公告)日：1979-01-30

申请号：US825271

申请日：1977-08-17

Applicant: Anthony A. du Pont ,  Joseph A. Connell

Inventor： Anthony A. du Pont ,  Joseph A. Connell

IPC: C10J3/10 ,  C10J3/48 ,  C10J3/56 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10B3/02

CPC classification number: C10J3/56 ,  C10J3/10 ,  C10J3/463 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J3/86 ,  C10J2300/0906 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1671 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1823 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y02P20/129

Abstract: Apparatus and system for producing coal gas from coal, air and water. Pulverized coal is introduced into a rising stream of air and steam in a retort to constitute a fluidized or entrained bed. The coal reacts with the steam and air to form a gas consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and higher hydrocarbons. In some cases the air may be eliminated to produce nitrogen-free gas. In other instances, the production of methane and higher hydrocarbons may be suppressed to produce a gas consisting primarily of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The retort is constructed so that product gas and air may be burned in an annular space surrounding the central reaction column to produce hot flue gas. Steam tubes may be disposed in the annular space so that the steam and air introduced to the central reaction chamber may be super-heated by the hot flue gas. A further annular space or "wet wall" may be provided surrounding the first annular space through which the intake water is passed, so that the intake water may be brought to a boiling point and converted to steam prior to its being introduced into the steam superheating tubes. This construction causes the walls to the retort to be maintained at a higher temperature than the reaction inside the column, so that all the heat radiated from the walls of the reaction column is directed inwardly, and no heat is lost through the walls. The product gas from the retort is then cooled and passed through a water spray which cools the gas to nearly room temperature, and removes all the fly ash and other particulate matter from the gas.

Abstract translation: 从煤，空气和水中生产煤气的设备和系统。 将粉碎的煤在蒸馏器中引入上升的空气和蒸汽流中以构成流化或夹带的床。 煤与蒸汽和空气反应形成由氢气，一氧化碳，二氧化碳，氮气，甲烷和高级烃组成的气体。 在某些情况下，可以排除空气以产生无氮气体。 在其他情况下，可以抑制甲烷和高级烃的生产以产生主要由氢气和一氧化碳组成的气体。 蒸馏器被构造成使得产物气体和空气可以在围绕中央反应塔的环形空间中燃烧以产生热的烟道气。 蒸汽管可以设置在环形空间中，使得引入中央反应室的蒸汽和空气可以被热的烟道气过度加热。 可以围绕入口水通过的第一环形空间设置另外的环形空间或“湿壁”，使得进水可以在其被引入蒸汽过热之前变成沸点并转换成蒸汽 管。 这种结构使得蒸馏器的壁保持在比柱内的反应更高的温度，使得从反应塔的壁辐射的所有热量被引向内部，并且不会通过壁损失热量。 然后将来自蒸馏器的产物气体冷却并通过将气体冷却至接近室温的喷水器，并从气体中除去所有飞灰和其它颗粒物质。