Apparatus for measuring the conductivity of a fluid
    11.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for measuring the conductivity of a fluid 失效
    用于测量流体的电导率的装置

    公开(公告)号:US5361034A

    公开(公告)日:1994-11-01

    申请号:US732512

    申请日:1991-07-18

    CPC分类号: G01R27/22

    摘要: An apparatus for measuring the conductivity of a fluid is disclosed. The invention 10 provides both a contact and non-contact monitoring of fluid conductivity by measuring the A.C. dielectric properties of the fluid. The invention 10 transmits an electromagnetic wave into the fluid 22 and analyzes the transmitted and reflected waves providing an indication of the conductivity of the fluid 22. The invention 10 is versatile in that it allows for the fluid to be in the form of a spray. In a specific illustrative implementation, a novel nozzle is provided to monitor the conductivity of paint spray 22 as it passes therethrough.

    摘要翻译: 公开了一种用于测量流体的电导率的装置。 本发明10通过测量流体的交联电介质性能来提供流体导电性的接触和非接触式监测。 本发明10将电磁波传输到流体22中并分析透射和反射波,提供流体22的电导率的指示。本发明10是通用的,因为其允许流体呈喷雾形式。 在具体的说明性实施方式中,提供了一种新颖的喷嘴来监测喷漆22在其通过时的电导率。

    Antibody coated crystal chemical sensor
    12.
    发明授权
    Antibody coated crystal chemical sensor 失效
    抗菌涂层水晶化学传感器

    公开(公告)号:US5179028A

    公开(公告)日:1993-01-12

    申请号:US511707

    申请日:1990-04-20

    摘要: A sensor for detecting the presence of a particular chemical by determining the absolute frequency shift in the oscillating frequency of an antibody-coated oscillator. Specific antibodies deposited on a high Q crystal oscillator detect the change in frequency as chemical particulates become trapped by the antibodies and change the effective mass of the crystal. In one embodiment, two oscillating crystals are used, one that has been coated with the antibodies, and one that is uncoated. This permits detection of frequency differences between the oscillating frequencies of the two crystals, thus eliminating pressure, temperature, and humidity corrections that conventionally must be made. The sensor maintains a high specificity by using antibodies that are specifically related to the chemical to be detected, while achieving relatively good sensitivity by using high Q oscillators, such as quartz or sapphire, and eliminating drift problems due to temperature, pressure, and humidity. In a second embodiment, a single crystal is used having antibodies coated at specific nodal locations associated with harmonics of the fundamental frequency of oscillation of the crystal. Harmonic amplitudes are measured to determine the presence of the chemical of interest.

    Miniature infrared test target
    13.
    发明授权
    Miniature infrared test target 失效
    微型红外测试目标

    公开(公告)号:US5041735A

    公开(公告)日:1991-08-20

    申请号:US475574

    申请日:1990-02-06

    IPC分类号: G01S3/78

    CPC分类号: G01S3/7803

    摘要: A miniature infrared test target that comprises a heated four-bar test target operated at a high temperature and a physically separated ambient field operated at ambient temperature. A beamsplitter is disposed relative to the test target and the field in a position to combine and transmit images thereof along a common axis. A lens is disposed along the common axis and forms a combined image of the test target and the field at its image plane. Separation of the test and field targets permits miniaturization of the test target while maintaining a temperature difference between the field and the bars that is proportional to the true temperature difference. The target overcomes the difficulty of maintaining an extremely high temperature gradient in the target. It provides a greater contrast range than that provided by conventional miniature targets. The miniature infrared test target is made with surfaces approximating a blackbody, thereby providing immunity from the Narcissus problem and the effects of complicated environmental changes.