摘要:
A method for removing impurities from a feedstock comprising a hydrocarbon oil is provided. The method comprises contacting the feedstock with an oxygen-containing gas under conditions effective to oxidize at least a portion of the impurities, as well as contacting the feedstock with a Lewis acid under conditions effective so that any Lewis base impurity(ies) in the feedstock can react with the Lewis acid. Any impurities so oxidized and/or reacted are then removed.
摘要:
A method of regenerating adsorbent material includes providing a spent adsorbent material and contacting the adsorbent material with a solvent composition to facilitate removing oil and impurities from the spent solvent material.
摘要:
In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for recovering bitumen from an oil sand, the method comprising: (a) contacting a bitumen-containing oil sand with a first solvent mixture of cyclohexane and ethanol to provide an extraction mixture comprising a sand phase and an organic phase; (b) separating the sand phase from the organic phase comprising bitumen, ethanol and cyclohexane; (c) separating an azeotropic mixture comprising cyclohexane and ethanol from the organic phase; and (d) recovering bitumen from the organic phase. The first solvent mixture comprises from about 95 to about 65 percent cyclohexane and from about 5 to about 35 percent ethanol.
摘要:
An optical article comprising a primary mark disposed on the optical article and a secondary mark disposed on the optical article in close proximity to the primary mark. The primary mark comprises a first optical-state change material and the secondary mark comprises a second optical-state change material. The optical article is transformed from a pre-activated state to an activated state when a localized authorized activation method is used that selectively activates the primary mark. The optical article is transformed from a pre-activated state to an deactivated state when a non-localized unauthorized activation method is used that activates the secondary mark along with the primary mark resulting in the second optical-state change material undergoing a reverse color change when compared to the first optical-state change material. An optical article with a single mark including multiple color change optical-state change material is also disclosed. Methods of covering and encapsulating the marks are also disclosed.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a sorbent composition including an adsorbent support; and a metal component comprising a transition metal, wherein the metal component is impregnated on a surface of the adsorbent support; and wherein the metal component effects the removal of sulfur and vanadium from a hydrocarbon fuel. Also disclosed herein is a sorbent composition comprising an adsorbent support, wherein a surface of the adsorbent support has been chemically modified to comprise functional groups; and wherein the adsorbent support effects the removal of sulfur and vanadium from a hydrocarbon fuel.
摘要:
A method of regenerating an adsorbent used to remove nickel and/or vanadium impurities from fuel comprise washing the adsorbent with a low boiling solvent, heating the adsorbent in a device to a temperature of about 300° C. to about 700 C wherein the adsorbent comprises nickel and/or vanadium impurities, and fluidly mixing the adsorbent with a carrier gas stream to remove at least a portion of the nickel and/or vanadium impurities from the adsorbent.
摘要:
The present invention provides methods for manufacturing an article having a wetting-resistant surface. The method includes providing a substrate. The method further includes disposing a coating mixture on a surface of the substrate, wherein the coating mixture comprises a braze material and a texture-providing material. The method further includes heating the braze material to bond the texture-providing material to the surface of the substrate to form the article having the wetting-resistant surface.
摘要:
A method of regenerating adsorbent material includes providing a spent adsorbent material and contacting the adsorbent material with a solvent composition to facilitate removing oil and impurities from the spent solvent material.
摘要:
The present invention provides methods for manufacturing an article having a wetting-resistant surface. The method includes providing a substrate. The method further includes disposing a coating mixture on a surface of the substrate, wherein the coating mixture comprises a braze material and a texture-providing material. The method further includes heating the braze material to bond the texture-providing material to the surface of the substrate to form the article having the wetting-resistant surface.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a sorbent composition including an adsorbent support; and a metal component comprising a transition metal, wherein the metal component is impregnated on a surface of the adsorbent support; and wherein the metal component effects the removal of sulfur and vanadium from a hydrocarbon fuel. Also disclosed herein is a sorbent composition comprising an adsorbent support, wherein a surface of the adsorbent support has been chemically modified to comprise functional groups; and wherein the adsorbent support effects the removal of sulfur and vanadium from a hydrocarbon fuel.