摘要:
The present invention provides a system for achieving erythema and/or mild edema in an upper layer of skin, without causing blisters, and without the risk of high fluence levels or critical need for cooling.
摘要:
A functionalized polymer of the formula A—Z—X where A is a block of vinylaromatic monomers of 8 to 20, preferably 8 to 12, carbon atoms, Z is a basic building block of a compound having sterically hindering groups and X is a functionalized basic building block, the degree of functionalization of the polymer being at least 65%, preferably greater than 85%, particularly preferably at least 90%, a process for its preparation, thermoplastic molding materials containing said polymer, processes for their preparation, the use for the production of moldings, and moldings containing said molding materials.
摘要:
In a brake disk for rail vehicle brake systems, a friction ring is made of a light metal such as aluminum (aluminum alloys), etc. to reduce weight. In order to reduce the weight further by approximately an additional 10%, the hub that supports the friction ring and is connected with the shaft of the rail vehicle is also made of light metal, such as aluminum. It is necessary to keep the temperature of such hubs below 120-140.degree. C. to prevent the shrink or press fit between the hub and shaft from loosening. To prevent such heat transmission, heat insulating layers are inserted between the inner circumference of the friction ring connected with the hub preferably by bolts. In the vicinity of the bolts, these layers can consist of insulating disks, insulating plates, or continuous insulating rings.
摘要:
A workpiece holder for rotary grinding machines for grinding semiconductorafers has a rotatable work surface which points toward a rotating grinding tool and on which the semiconductor wafer to be machined is laid, and has piezoelectric elements on which the workpiece holder is axially supported. The piezoelectric elements can be operated independently of one another and, when operated, undergo a change in their linear dimension, an operated piezoelectric element axially raising or lowering the workpiece holder at the point at which it supports the workpiece holder. There is also a method for positioning the workpiece holder.
摘要:
A method for producing an erasable printing form by making the outer layer of the printing form from a material containing strong micro-dipoles, preferably a ferroelectric material, in particular a ferroelectric ceramic. In wet offset printing, the non-printing areas of the printing form are rendered hydrophilic by a hydrophilizing agent and they are maintained during the entire printing process. Plate cleaners can, for example, be used as the hydrophilizing agents. The printing form can be erased by a nonpolar solvent and can be reused again by rendering the non-printing areas hydrophilic again.
摘要:
In order to prepare thermoplastic molding materials from pulverulent polyphenylene ethers and aromatic vinyl polymers by melt extrusion, the pulverulent polyphenylene ether is first of all compacted and/or sintered under pressure and if necessary with the addition of heat, preferably under a pressure corresponding to a nip pressure of from 1 to 100 kN/cm, to form a porous compact. The compact is then fed in the form of agglomerates having a particle size of from about 0.5 mm to about 20 mm into an extruder or the like, mixed with the aromatic vinyl polymer and if desired further components, and melted. In this way the proportion of the fines in the polyphenylene ether is considerably reduced, with the result that there is virtually no further danger of dust explosions. Further advantages include improved ease of metering and reduced electrostatic charge of the agglomerates. The extruded molding materials have good mechanical properties and also high thermal stability.
摘要:
A shape memory composition includes a high temperature ionomer having a glass transition temperature or a melting temperature of 100° C. or greater and a modulus at room temperature of 1×108 Pa or greater, the high temperature ionomer including a polymer with ionic units either within the backbone of the polymer or pendant to the backbone or both. The shape memory composition includes crystalline or glassy domains of a low molecular weight non-polymeric compound dispersed in the high temperature ionomer and interacting the ionic units of the high temperature ionomer to form a secondary network characterized by being a reversible network in that it is compromised by the heating of the low molecular weight non-polymeric compound to change out of its crystalline or glassy phase.
摘要:
Correction of grinding spindle positions in double-side grinding machines for the simultaneous double-side machining of semiconductor wafers is achieved by torsionally coupling the two grinding spindles, each comprising a grinding disk flange for receiving a grinding disk, and providing a measuring unit with an inclinometer and two sensors for distance measurement, between the two grinding disk flanges such that the grinding spindles are essentially in the position they would have with mounted grinding disks during the grinding process, wherein the coupled grinding spindles are rotated while inclinometer and sensors determine radial and axial correction values of axial alignment to adjust the grinding spindles to a symmetrical orientation. The spindle positions may be corrected under the action of process forces.
摘要:
A method for producing a printed product, wherein at least one printing substrate webs are transported through at least one printing form-based printing unit for static printing of at least one printing substrate webs with a printed image which remains unchanged for printed copies of the printed product. In addition, at least one of the statically printed printing substrate webs is printed inline dynamically with the static printing in a region of at least one printing device of the web press without a printing form with access data, e.g., a prize code, which is individualized for at least some printed copies. Here, information content, such as a prize, which extends beyond the printed product can be accessed by the access data for a purchaser of the printed product over an interactive medium, such as the Internet. Access data specific to a target person and/or a target group are printed in the printed copies as individual access data.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method for producing an RFID label with the aid of a printing process. The aim of the invention is make it easy to apply the parts required onto the label while completing the label in a simple manner. Said aim is achieved by applying at least one portion of the antenna and the resonant circuit required for the function to the printing material by means of sheet-fed offset printing or directly or indirectly with the aid of a relief printing plate. The resonant circuits or chips are applied individually or to a packaging that is to be created or filled in the same alignment once several copies of the labels have been produced on one sheet and have been separated therefrom.