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公开(公告)号：US5871698A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-16
申请号：US642005
申请日：1996-05-02
CPC分类号： G01N21/31 , G01N21/05 , G01N2021/0346 , Y10T436/117497
摘要： A new chemical probe determines the properties of an analyte using the light absorption of the products of a reagent/analyte reaction. The probe places a small reaction volume in contact with a large analyte volume. Analyte diffuses into the reaction volume. Reagent is selectively supplied to the reaction volume. The light absorption of the reaction in the reaction volume indicates properties of the original analyte. The probe is suitable for repeated use in remote or hostile environments. It does not require physical sampling of the analyte or result in significant regent contamination of the analyte reservoir.
摘要翻译： 新的化学探针使用试剂/分析物反应的产物的光吸收来确定分析物的性质。 探针使较小的反应体积与大分析物体积接触。 分析物扩散到反应体积中。 试剂选择性地供应到反应体积。 反应体积中的反应的光吸收表示原始分析物的性质。 该探头适用于远程或敌对环境中的重复使用。 它不需要对分析物进行物理取样，或导致分析物储存器的重大摄入污染。
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公开(公告)号：US5789745A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-04
申请号：US959659
申请日：1997-10-28
CPC分类号： G01N27/622 , H01J49/0018
摘要： An apparatus and method is provided for separating and analyzing chemical species in an ion mobility spectrometer using a frequency-domain technique wherein the ions generated from the chemical species are selectively transported through an ion flow channel having a moving electrical potential therein. The moving electrical potential allows the ions to be selected according to ion mobility, with certain of the ions being transported to an ion detector and other of the ions being effectively discriminated against. The apparatus and method have applications for sensitive chemical detection and analysis for monitoring of exhaust gases, hazardous waste sites, industrial processes, aerospace systems, non-proliferation, and treaty verification. The apparatus can be formed as a microelectromechanical device (i.e. a micromachine).
摘要翻译： 提供了一种使用频域技术分离和分析离子迁移谱仪中的化学物质的装置和方法，其中从化学物质产生的离子选择性地通过其中具有移动电位的离子流动通道传输。 移动的电位允许根据离子迁移率选择离子，其中某些离子被输送到离子检测器并且其他离子被有效地区分开。 该设备和方法应用于对废气，危险废物场所，工业过程，航空航天系统，不扩散和条约验证进行敏感的化学检测和分析。 该装置可以形成为微机电装置（即微型机械装置）。
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公开(公告)号：US5757536A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-26
申请号：US521559
申请日：1995-08-30
CPC分类号： G02B5/1828 , G02B26/0808
摘要： An electrically-programmable diffraction grating. The programmable grating includes a substrate having a plurality of electrodes formed thereon and a moveable grating element above each of the electrodes. The grating elements are electrostatically programmable to form a diffraction grating for diffracting an incident beam of light as it is reflected from the upper surfaces of the grating elements. The programmable diffraction grating, formed by a micromachining process, has applications for optical information processing (e.g. optical correlators and computers), for multiplexing and demultiplexing a plurality of light beams of different wavelengths (e.g. for optical fiber communications), and for forming spectrometers (e.g. correlation and scanning spectrometers).
摘要翻译： 电可编程衍射光栅。 可编程光栅包括其上形成有多个电极的基板和每个电极上方的可移动光栅元件。 光栅元件是静电可编程的，以形成衍射光栅，用于在入射光束从光栅元件的上表面反射时衍射入射光束。 通过微加工过程形成的可编程衍射光栅具有用于光学信息处理（例如光学相关器和计算机）的应用，用于对不同波长的多个光束（例如用于光纤通信）进行多路复用和解复用，并且用于形成光谱仪 例如相关和扫描光谱仪）。
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14.发明授权Densitometer and circuitry with improved measuring capabilities of marking particle density on a photoreceptor 失效具有改善光电子标记粒子密度的测量能力的密度计和电路
公开(公告)号：US5119132A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-02
申请号：US605058
申请日：1990-10-24
申请人： Michael A. Butler
发明人： Michael A. Butler
CPC分类号： G03G15/5041 , G01N21/4738 , G01N2021/4769 , G03G2215/00042
摘要： The present invention relates generally to an electrographic apparatus and more specifically to an improved structural arrangement in electrographic apparatus of the type having a densitometer, which arrangement achieves improved measuring of marking particle density on a photoreceptor or the like. Wherein, use of a charge-coupled device (CCD) allows for a pixel-by-pixel recordation of the photo intensity reflected off of the photoreceptor and toner test patch. Therefore, as a result of the increased sensitivity of the toner measuring, it is possible to measure denser patches of toner, both black as well as color. Thus allowing for accurate monitoring of the amount of toner capable of being placed onto a photoreceptor.
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15.发明授权Densitometer for measuring marking particle density on a photoreceptor having a compensation ratio which adjusts for changing environmental conditions and variability between machines 失效用于测量具有调整以改变环境条件和机器之间变化的补偿比的感光体上的标记颗粒密度的密度计
公开(公告)号：US5053822A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-01
申请号：US632885
申请日：1990-12-24
申请人： Michael A. Butler
发明人： Michael A. Butler
CPC分类号： G03G15/5041 , G03G15/0126 , G03G2215/00042
摘要： An electrographic apparatus having a densitometer, which achieves improved measuring of marking particle density on a photoreceptor or the like. The measuring method detects both specular and diffuse light reflected off of the photoreceptor containing marking particles. A compensation ratio is generated from a high density marking particle patch, and is used to compensate the marking particle density to both changing environmental conditions and differences between individual machines. Thus, a more accurate specular signal is calculated which is an accurate indicator of toner density of mass per unit of area concentration. These concentration measures enable accurate adjustments of the electrographic apparatus color toner development systems.
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公开(公告)号：US4841778A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-27
申请号：US146621
申请日：1988-01-21
申请人： Michael A. Butler , David S. Ginley
发明人： Michael A. Butler , David S. Ginley
摘要： Laser light from a common source is split and conveyed through two similar optical fibers and emitted at their respective ends to form an interference pattern, one of the optical fibers having a portion thereof subjected to a strain. Changes in the strain cause changes in the optical path length of the strain fiber, and generate corresponding changes in the interference pattern. The interference pattern is received and transduced into signals representative of fringe shifts corresponding to changes in the strain experienced by the strained one of the optical fibers. These signals are then processed to evaluate strain as a function of time, typical examples of the application of the apparatus including electrodeposition of a metallic film on a conductive surface provided on the outside of the optical fiber being strained, so that strains generated in the optical fiber during the course of the electrodeposition are measurable as a function of time. In one aspect of the invention, signals relating to the fringe shift are stored for subsequent processing and analysis, whereas in another aspect of the invention the signals are processed for real-time display of the strain changes under study.
摘要翻译： 来自共同源的激光被分离并通过两个相似的光纤传送并在它们各自的端部发射以形成干涉图案，其中一根光纤具有一部分经受应变。 应变的变化引起应变光纤的光程长度变化，并产生相应的干涉图形变化。 干涉图案被接收并转换成代表对应于由应变的光纤所经受的应变变化的条纹位移的信号。 然后处理这些信号作为时间的函数来评估应变，该装置的典型实例包括在设置在被应变的光纤的外侧上的导电表面上电沉积金属膜，使得在光学中产生的应变 在电沉积过程中的光纤作为时间的函数是可测量的。 在本发明的一个方面中，存储与边缘位移相关的信号用于后续处理和分析，而在本发明的另一方面，信号被处理以用于实时显示正在研究的应变变化。
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公开(公告)号：US08081319B2
公开(公告)日：2011-12-20
申请号：US12483653
申请日：2009-06-12
CPC分类号： G02B5/1866 , G01J3/4532 , G01J3/4535 , G02B5/1857
摘要： An adjustable two-dimensional lamellar grating system including a lamellar grating and a movable mirror disposed substantially parallel to one another, and an interferometer using the adjustable lamellar grating system. In one example, the lamellar grating includes a dielectric wafer having a dielectric wafer having a plurality of periodically spaced recesses formed therein, wherein the dielectric wafer has higher reflectivity at its surface facing the movable mirror than at a second opposing surface. In one example, the system also includes a mechanism for moving the mirror relative to the dielectric wafer.
摘要翻译： 一种可调节的二维层状光栅系统，包括基本上彼此平行设置的层状光栅和可移动反射镜，以及使用可调节层状光栅系统的干涉仪。 在一个示例中，层状光栅包括具有在其中形成有多个周期性间隔的凹槽的电介质晶片的介质晶片，其中介电晶片在其面向可移动反射镜的表面处具有比在第二相对表面处更高的反射率。 在一个示例中，该系统还包括用于相对于电介质晶片移动镜的机构。
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18.发明授权Optical apparatus for forming correlation spectrometers and optical processors 失效用于形成相关光谱仪和光学处理器的光学装置
公开(公告)号：US5905571A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-18
申请号：US522202
申请日：1995-08-30
CPC分类号： G06E3/005 , G01J3/18 , G01J3/457 , G02B26/0808
摘要： Optical apparatus for forming correlation spectrometers and optical processors. The optical apparatus comprises one or more diffractive optical elements formed on a substrate for receiving light from a source and processing the incident light. The optical apparatus includes an addressing element for alternately addressing each diffractive optical element thereof to produce for one unit of time a first correlation with the incident light, and to produce for a different unit of time a second correlation with the incident light that is different from the first correlation. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the optical apparatus is in the form of a correlation spectrometer; and in other embodiments, the apparatus is in the form of an optical processor. In some embodiments, the optical apparatus comprises a plurality of diffractive optical elements on a common substrate for forming first and second gratings that alternately intercept the incident light for different units of time. In other embodiments, the optical apparatus includes an electrically-programmable diffraction grating that may be alternately switched between a plurality of grating states thereof for processing the incident light. The optical apparatus may be formed, at least in part, by a micromachining process.
摘要翻译： 用于形成相关光谱仪和光学处理器的光学装置。 光学装置包括形成在基板上的一个或多个衍射光学元件，用于接收来自光源的光并处理入射光。 光学装置包括用于交替地寻址其每个衍射光学元件的寻址元件，以产生与入射光的第一相关的一个单位时间，并且产生与不同于入射光的入射光的第二相关性。 第一相关。 在本发明的优选实施例中，光学装置是相关光谱仪的形式; 并且在其他实施例中，该装置是光学处理器的形式。 在一些实施例中，光学装置包括在公共基板上的多个衍射光学元件，用于形成用于不同单位时间交替地截取入射光的第一和第二光栅。 在其他实施例中，光学装置包括电可编程衍射光栅，其可以在其多个光栅状态之间交替地切换以处理入射光。 光学装置可以至少部分地通过微加工工艺形成。
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19.发明授权Method and control system architecture for controlling tone reproduction in a printing device 失效用于控制打印装置中的色调再现的方法和控制系统架构
公开(公告)号：US5471313A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-28
申请号：US21438
申请日：1993-02-24
IPC分类号： B41J2/44 , G03G15/01 , G03G21/14 , G05B13/02 , G05B15/02 , H04N1/00 , H04N1/29 , G01D15/14 , G03G21/00 , H04N1/32
CPC分类号： G03G21/14 , G05B13/021 , G05B15/02 , H04N1/295
摘要： A controls system architecture for an image output terminal (IOT) has a hierarchical structure which isolates subsystem controls for purposes of efficient algorithm design, analysis and implementation. The architecture is preferably divided into three levels and has a controls supervisor which provides subsystem isolation functions and reliability assurance functions. The architecture improves image quality of IOT outputs by controlling the operation of the IOT to ensure that a toner reproduction curve of an output image matches a tone reproduction curve of an input image, despite several uncontrollable variables which change the tone reproduction curve of the output image.
摘要翻译： 用于图像输出端子（IOT）的控制系统架构具有分层结构，其隔离子系统控制以用于有效的算法设计，分析和实现。 该架构优选分为三个层次，并具有提供子系统隔离功能和可靠性保证功能的控制主管。 该架构通过控制IOT的操作来提高IOT输出的图像质量，以确保输出图像的调色剂再现曲线与输入图像的色调再现曲线匹配，尽管改变了输出图像的色调再现曲线的几个不可控制的变量 。
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公开(公告)号：US5267179A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-30
申请号：US400851
申请日：1989-08-30
摘要： A ferroelectric optical image comparator has a lead lanthanum zirconate titanate thin-film device which is constructed with a semi-transparent or transparent conductive first electrode on one side of the thin film, a conductive metal second electrode on the other side of the thin film, and the second electrode is in contact with a nonconducting substrate. A photoinduced current in the device represents the dot product between a stored image and an image projected onto the first electrode. One-dimensional autocorrelations are performed by measuring this current while displacing the projected image.
摘要翻译： 铁电光学图像比较器具有在薄膜的一侧上由半透明或透明导电的第一电极构成的锆酸锆酸铅镧薄膜器件，在薄膜另一侧上的导电金属第二电极， 并且第二电极与非导电基板接触。 装置中的光诱导电流表示存储的图像和投射到第一电极上的图像之间的点积。 通过在移动投影图像的同时测量该电流来执行一维自相关。
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