摘要:
An object of this invention is to provide a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine which makes it possible to reliably avoid an abnormal increase in in-cylinder pressure due to pre-ignition. The control apparatus of this invention controls an internal combustion engine including an injector that directly injects fuel into a cylinder. The control apparatus includes pre-ignition detection means that executes an operation to detect pre-ignition until a time of a crank angle θA, and injection instruction means that, at a time of a crank angle θB that is before the crank angle θA, sends to the injector an injection instruction to perform fuel injection that suppresses pre-ignition combustion. Preferably, the control apparatus includes energization stopping means that, when the pre-ignition detection means does not detect pre-ignition until the time of the crank angle θA, stops energization of the injector that is started by the injection instruction.
摘要:
There is provided a recording apparatus including: a head jetting liquid droplets from nozzles; and a controller controlling the head to perform a recording jetting-operation for jetting the liquid droplets toward a recording medium from the nozzles at each of drive periods, and a flushing operation for performing maintenance on the nozzles by jetting the liquid droplets from the nozzles prior to the recording jetting-operation. The controller controls the head so that with respect to each of the nozzles, a total liquid discharge amount in the flushing operation becomes less in a case of jetting a liquid droplet at a first drive period in the recording jetting-operation, in comparison with a case of not jetting the liquid droplet at the first drive period.
摘要:
A liquid ejection apparatus including: a head having: nozzles arranged in a nozzle-row direction; and ejection-energy applying portions; a drive IC for driving the ejection-energy applying portions; a control circuit board for controlling the drive IC; a wiring member on which the drive IC is mounted; and a support member for supporting the wiring member. The wiring member extends toward the control circuit board from a connection portion thereof connected to the ejection-energy applying portions, the wiring member having a first wiring portion extending in a first direction intersecting the nozzle-row direction and a second wiring portion extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction. The support member supports at least one of the first wiring portion and the second wiring portion, the at least one being located between the ejection-energy applying portions and the control circuit board.
摘要:
A hybrid ECU executes a program including the steps of: setting a fan driving level F for a cooling fan, as based on a high voltage battery's temperature TB, SOC and input and output currents, and a vehicular cabin's internal temperature and background noise; detecting from a signal transmitted from a voltage sensor the voltage of an auxiliary battery serving as a power supply for the cooling fan; and setting a duty command value for the cooling fan from fan driving level F and the auxiliary battery's voltage so that the duty command value is smaller as a voltage of the auxiliary battery is higher.
摘要:
The present inventors conducted dedicated studies and successfully constructed expression vectors that enable high-level production of foreign gene-derived proteins in mammalian host cells, which comprise a translation-impaired dihydrofolate reductase gene cistron whose expression has been attenuated by altering the codons to the least frequently used codons in mammals; and a gene cassette which has a cloning site for incorporation of a foreign gene between a highly transcriptionally active promoter and a highly stable polyadenylation signal.
摘要:
As a result of dedicated research, the present inventors have successfully invented a collagen gene construct which can be easily purified and maintains a triple helix structure equivalent to that of naturally-occurring collagen while having a low molecular weight. Specifically, one-step purification by affinity purification is enabled because CR-D (a signal peptide) has a carbohydrate recognition domain. By substituting a portion of a human collagen structural gene of the present invention with the collagen-like structural gene portion of MBL, a low-molecular-weight collagen which maintains a triple helix structure and is thermally stable can be obtained with high purity and in large quantities.
摘要:
Heat generation amount PVκ(θ) is calculated with the use of cylinder pressure P(θ), detected by a cylinder pressure sensor, cylinder, volume V(θ), and specific heat ratio κ (steps 100 to 102). A crank angle θfix, at which the value of PVκ(θ) peaks, is determined as a start crank angle, at which an adiabatic process after combustion starts (step 104). A correction coefficient Kfix is calculated based on the variation of the value of PVκ(θ) after θfix (step 106). An actual heat generation amount PVκ(θ) is calculated with the use of the correction coefficient Kfix (step 110). A cooling loss coefficient Kcool that determines a correlation between the cooling loss and crank angles may be calculated based on a water temperature and an engine speed and the actual heat generation amount PVκfix(θ) may be made to reflect the cooling loss coefficient Kcool.
摘要:
In a dye-sensitized photovoltaic device including a semiconductor fine particle layer 2 on which a sensitizing dye is adsorbed, a counter electrode 3, and an electrolyte layer 4 between the electrodes, a molecule having a plurality of acid functional groups for adsorption onto the semiconductor electrode is used as a molecule of the sensitizing dye, and part of the acid functional groups is neutralized with an alkaline compound which is a hydroxide of at least one metal or compound selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, an imidazolium compound, and a pyridinium compound. In this manner, a dye-sensitized photovoltaic device that can achieve high photoelectric conversion efficiency even in the cases where a dye containing readily aggregating acid functional groups, such as carboxylic acid, as the adsorbing groups is used. A method for making the device is also provided.
摘要:
An electrode is composed of a carbon carrying a metal and a binder polymer, and it is used as a counter electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell. The metal carried by carbon is at least one kind of metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ru, Co, Ti, Ni, Al and Au. The carbon is needle-like carbon, fullerene, carbon nanotube, conductive carbon black, or the like, and its specific surface area is equal to or larger than 100 m2/g.
摘要:
A target presentation device comprises a concave mirror, a half mirror 3, and a movement device 4. The concave mirror 2 presents the virtual image of the image displayed on the image display device to the observer. The concave mirror is disposed such that the optical distance between the image display device and the concave mirror is set to be shorter than the focal point distance. The half mirror crosses and is inclined with the optical axis of the concave mirror. The optical axis passes through the observation position of the observer. The movement device moves the image display device to vary the image display device, whereby the optical distance is varied within the focus distance. The movement device moves the image display device to increase the virtual image's movement speed as the optical distance becomes long. Consequently, the fatigue of the focusing function of the observer is reduced.