摘要:
A catalyst and a method for producing the catalyst, for catalytic reduction of NO.sub.x and oxidation of hydrocarbons, the catalyst comprises a zinc, copper and aluminum spinel to which, at least one element selected from palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, rhenium and/or rare earth metals, such as lanthanum and cerium, vanadium, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten and/or salts thereof and/or oxides thereof has been added.
摘要:
A method of catalytically reducing nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) and oxidizing hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines or combustion power plants using a catalyst comprising a magnesium oxide/copper oxide/aluminum oxide spinel or a copper-impregnated copper oxide/aluminum oxide spinel.
摘要:
A catalyst and a method for producing the catalyst, for catalytic reduction of NO.sub.x and oxidation of hydrocarbons, the catalyst comprises a zinc, copper and aluminum spinel to which, at least one element selected from palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, rhenium and/or rare earth metals, such as lanthanum and cerium, vanadium, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten and/or salts thereof and/or oxides thereof has been added.
摘要:
A storage catalyst includes (1) a component that has a catalytic reducing action for nitrogen oxides at least in the presence of hydrocarbons, and (2) a component that stores NOx at least at temperatures of below 100° C. The catalytically active component is of the general chemical formula AaBbO4, where A is one or more divalent metals and B is one or more trivalent metals, and where a+b≦3 and a, b>0. The reaction enthalpy or the chemical activity between the catalytically active component and the NOx-storing component is low at least up to temperatures of 600° C.
摘要翻译:存储催化剂包括(1)至少在烃存在下对氮氧化物具有催化还原作用的组分,和(2)至少在低于100℃的温度下存储NOx的组分。催化活性组分是 的一般化学式AaBbO4,其中A是一种或多种二价金属,B是一种或多种三价金属,并且其中a + b <= 3和a,b> 0。 催化活性组分和NOx储存组分之间的反应焓或化学活性至少高达600℃的温度。
摘要:
A process is described for preparing esters of an acid component selected from among polybasic C4-C10 carboxylic acids and an alcohol component selected from among C3-C12 alkanols or from among C3-C12 alkanediols, the alkyl chain of which may have interruption by from 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, by a) heating at boiling point, in a reaction zone and in the presence of an esterification catalyst, a mixture essentially consisting of the acid component or of an anhydride thereof and of the alcohol component, b) using rectification to separate the vapor comprising alcohol and water into an alcohol-rich fraction and a water-rich fraction, and c) returning the alcohol-rich fraction into the reaction zone and conducting the water-rich fraction out of the process. The process is simple to carry out and permits rapid achievement of essentially quantitative conversion.
摘要:
A process for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases, preferably those from diesel engines in vehicles, using pulsed superstoichiometric addition of NH.sub.3 or NH.sub.3 -releasing substances, comprises controlling the pulsed superstoichiometric addition of NH.sub.3 in such a way that, after it has started, the addition is interrupted again only when the amount of NH.sub.3 stored in the catalyst has reached a specific upper threshold value which is predetermined in accordance with the catalyst properties and the catalyst volume, the amount of NH.sub.3 stored being calculated from the difference between the metered amount of NH.sub.3 and the amount of NO.sub.x separated off, which is determined from the NO.sub.x concentration in the exhaust gas and the average degree of separation, and the addition of NH.sub.3 is resumed only when the amount of NH.sub.3 stored in the catalyst, which is determined in the same way, has reached a predetermined lower threshold value, this pulsed addition of NH.sub.3 being interrupted after a predetermined number of cycles until the amount of NH.sub.3 stored in the catalyst, which is determined in the manner described, has completely reacted, this completing one entire cycle of the pulsed addition of NH.sub.3.
摘要:
A metal oxide-containing catalyst which also contains, besides oxides of titanium and/or zirconium, oxides of vanadium and/or niobium and oxides of molybdenum, tungsten, and/or chromium, sulfates of alkaline earth metals, and which is used in a process for the degenerative oxidation of organic compounds present in exhaust gases from combustion plants.
摘要:
The mixture described is a mixture of isomeric nonanol diesters of a dicarboxylic acid, selected from the class consisting of a mixture of diesters of adipic acid in the 1H NMR spectrum of which, observed in CDCl3, the ratio of the area under the resonance signals at chemical shifts in the range from 1.0 to 2.0 ppm with respect to TMS to the area under the resonance signals at chemical shifts in the range from 0.5 to 1.0 ppm with respect to TMS is from 1.20 to 5.00 and a mixture of diesters of phthalic acid, in the 1H NMR spectrum of which, observed in CDCl3, the ratio of the area under the resonance signals at chemical shifts in the range from 1.1 to 3.0 ppm with respect to TMS to the area under the resonance signals at chemical shifts in the range from 0.5 to 1.1 ppm with respect to TMS is from 1.00 to 4.00. The diesters of adipic and phthalic acid are suitable as plasticizers for PVC-based molding compositions and have high compatibility, a low cold crack temperature, low torsional rigidity and/or high thermal stability.
摘要翻译:所述的混合物是二羧酸的异构壬醇二酯的混合物,其选自在1 H NMR光谱中己二酸二酯的混合物,其在CDCl 3中观察到的共振信号下的面积比例 相对于TMS,1.0〜2.0ppm范围内的化学位移相对于TMS,化学位移为0.5〜1.0ppm的共振信号下的面积为1.20〜5.00,邻苯二甲酸二酯, 在1H NMR谱中,在CDCl3中观察到,在化学位移下的共振信号下的面积相对于TMS的1.1至3.0ppm范围内的化学位移下的共振信号下的面积的比例在 己二酸和邻苯二甲酸的二酯适用于PVC基成型组合物的增塑剂,具有高相容性,低冷裂纹温度,低扭转度 刚性和/或高热稳定性。
摘要:
A process is described for preparing mixtures of diesters of phthalic acid with decanols and tridecanols by reacting phthalic acid or a reactive derivative of phthalic acid with a mixture made from at least one decanol and at least one tridecanol.Mixtures obtainable in this way are also described, as is their use as plasticizers for molding compositions, and also mixtures of isomeric tridecanols suitable for preparing the mixtures of diesters.
摘要:
Polyesters suitable as plasticizers and obtainable by reacting aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, neopentyl glycol, at least one other diol and a nonanol mixture, where the nonanol mixture is mainly composed of 1-nonanol, of monomethyloctanols, of dimethylheptanols and of monoethylheptanols. The nonanol mixture is also described, as is the use of the plasticizers.