公开(公告)号：US5661234A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-26

申请号：US496073

申请日：1995-06-28

申请人： Erik Jan Mathijs Gerits ,  Willy Van Der Perre

发明人： Erik Jan Mathijs Gerits ,  Willy Van Der Perre

IPC分类号： G01N13/02

CPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  G01N2013/0225 ,  G01N2013/0241 ,  G01N2013/0266

摘要： An apparatus for the measurement of the surface tension of liquids by means of a capillary tube for supplying gas, the tube having a connector and a nozzle, may be used in a measuring device. In order to create an apparatus that is easy to manufacture and handle, and that can be used reliably in a variety of liquids, the capillary tube is arranged, at least partially, in a crucible for receiving the liquid and is mounted on the wall of the crucible, whereby the connector is arranged outside the interior of the crucible. The connector is connected to the gas line of the measuring device and to a pressure sensor and/or a flow meter.

摘要翻译： 用于通过用于供应气体的毛细管测量液体的表面张力的装置，具有连接器和喷嘴的管可用于测量装置中。 为了形成容易制造和处理的装置，并且可以在各种液体中可靠地使用，毛细管至少部分地布置在用于接收液体的坩埚中，并且安装在 坩埚，由此连接器布置在坩埚内部的外部。 连接器连接到测量装置的气体管线和压力传感器和/或流量计。

公开(公告)号：US2401053A

公开(公告)日：1946-05-28

申请号：US62139245

申请日：1945-10-09

申请人： NASA

发明人： CUPPLES HOMER L

IPC分类号： G01N13/02

CPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  G01N2013/0266

公开(公告)号：US08246238B1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-21

申请号：US13154049

申请日：2011-06-06

申请人： Ross Alan Tessien

发明人： Ross Alan Tessien

IPC分类号： B01F11/00

CPC分类号： B01F11/0266 ,  G01N2013/0266 ,  Y10T137/86187

摘要： A cavitation system in which a source gas, e.g., a reactant, is loaded into the cavitation medium prior to cavitation is provided. The cavitation system includes a cavitation chamber with suitable cavitation drivers and a cavitation medium reservoir, the chamber and reservoir being flexibly coupled together via a pair of conduits. The conduits can be fabricated from a plastic or, as is preferred for higher temperature liquids, a metal. Typically metal conduits are formed into a coil, thus providing the desired flexibility. Flexibility is required in order to allow the relative positions of the cavitation chamber and the cavitation medium reservoir to be varied. The system is configured such that the cavitation fluid will flow out of the cavitation chamber, through the lower coupling conduit and into the cavitation medium reservoir when the chamber is positioned higher than the reservoir, and flow out of the cavitation medium reservoir, through the lower coupling conduit and into the cavitation chamber when the reservoir is positioned higher than the chamber. As a consequence of this configuration, cavitation fluid can be readily exchanged between the cavitation chamber and the cavitation medium reservoir, thereby aiding the degassing process as well as providing a means of replenishing reactant-depleted cavitation medium.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种气穴系统，其中源气体，例如反应物，在空化之前装载到空化介质中。 空化系统包括具有合适的气蚀驱动器和空化介质储存器的空化腔室，腔室和储器通过一对管道灵活地耦合在一起。 导管可以由塑料制成，或者对于较高温度的液体，优选为金属。 通常，金属管道形成为线圈，从而提供期望的灵活性。 为了允许空化腔和空化介质储存器的相对位置变化，需要灵活性。 该系统构造成使得当腔室被定位在高于贮存器的位置时，空化流体将通过下部联接管道流出空化腔室并进入空化介质储存器，并且通过下部空气流出空腔介质储存器 当储存器定位在高于室时，联接管道并进入空化室。 作为这种构造的结果，空化流体可以在空化室和空化介质储存器之间容易地交换，从而帮助脱气过程以及提供补充反应物消耗空化介质的方法。

公开(公告)号：US07481097B2

公开(公告)日：2009-01-27

申请号：US11839634

申请日：2007-08-16

申请人： Daniel Schümann ,  Rainer Münzner

发明人： Daniel Schümann ,  Rainer Münzner

IPC分类号： G01N13/00

CPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  G01N2013/0266 ,  G01N2013/0275 ,  G01N2013/0283

摘要： A method and device for measuring the surface tension of liquids uses the bubble pressure principle, wherein a parameter relating to a bubble formed using a defined gas mass flow rate or volume flow rate is measured at the tip of a capillary tube immersed in the liquid. The surface tension is calculated from the measured value. With a defined gas mass flow rate or volume flow rate, the time between the minimum pressure and the maximum pressure and hence a defined pressure increase in a bubble are measured, and from this the surface tension is calculated. A relatively inexpensive sensor for measuring the surface tension in an appliance, such as a washing machine, using this inventive concepts is disclosed using a piezoelectric transducer.

摘要翻译： 用于测量液体的表面张力的方法和装置使用气泡压力原理，其中在浸入液体中的毛细管的尖端处测量与使用限定的气体质量流量或体积流量形成的气泡相关的参数。 表面张力由测量值计算。 利用确定的气体质量流量或体积流量，测量最小压力和最大压力之间的时间，并因此测量气泡中限定的压力增加的时间，并且由此计算表面张力。 使用压电传感器公开了一种用于测量诸如洗衣机的器具中的表面张力的相对便宜的传感器。

公开(公告)号：US06915680B2

公开(公告)日：2005-07-12

申请号：US10786492

申请日：2004-02-25

申请人： Rainer Bicker ,  Michael Finke ,  Helge Mueller

发明人： Rainer Bicker ,  Michael Finke ,  Helge Mueller

IPC分类号： A47L15/42 ,  D06F39/00 ,  G01N13/02 ,  G01N13/00

CPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  A47L15/4297 ,  D06F39/004 ,  G01N2013/0266

摘要： A method for determining a surface tension of a solution in a container using a bubble pressure process includes introducing a gas volume flow into the solution using a capillary. A time-dependent pressure profile of the gas volume flow is determined during bubble formation using a pressure sensor. The gas volume flow is interrupted toward the end of the determination process by closing the capillary over the entire cross section of the capillary over at least a part of the length of the capillary.

摘要翻译： 使用气泡压力法确定容器中的溶液的表面张力的方法包括使用毛细管将气体体积流引入溶液。 使用压力传感器在气泡形成期间确定气体体积流量的时间依赖压力分布。 通过在毛细管的长度的至少一部分上在毛细管的整个横截面上闭合毛细管，使得气体体积流量在确定过程结束时被中断。

公开(公告)号：US20040163447A1

公开(公告)日：2004-08-26

申请号：US10786492

申请日：2004-02-25

申请人： Miele & Cie. KG

发明人： Rainer Bicker ,  Michael Finke ,  Helge Mueller

IPC分类号： G01N013/00

CPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  A47L15/4297 ,  D06F39/004 ,  G01N2013/0266

摘要： A method for determining a surface tension of a solution in a container using a bubble pressure process includes introducing a gas volume flow into the solution using a capillary. A time-dependent pressure profile of the gas volume flow is determined during bubble formation using a pressure sensor. The gas volume flow is interrupted toward the end of the determination process by closing the capillary over the entire cross section of the capillary over at least a part of the length of the capillary.

摘要翻译： 使用气泡压力法确定容器中的溶液的表面张力的方法包括使用毛细管将气体体积流引入溶液。 使用压力传感器在气泡形成期间确定气体体积流量的时间依赖压力分布。 通过在毛细管的长度的至少一部分上在毛细管的整个横截面上闭合毛细管，使得气体体积流量在确定过程结束时被中断。

公开(公告)号：US20040051187A1

公开(公告)日：2004-03-18

申请号：US10237437

申请日：2002-09-10

发明人： Andrew Sydney Withiel Thomas

IPC分类号： B01F003/04

CPC分类号： F15D1/00 ,  A01K63/042 ,  A63J5/02 ,  A63J2005/026 ,  B01F13/0255 ,  B01F13/0277 ,  F15D1/009 ,  G01N2013/0266

摘要： An apparatus and method is described that allows for the production of gas-filled vortex rings in a host liquid. The device consists of a source of gas under pressure that is used to supply an accumulator by means of a regulation valve. The accumulator has an outlet that feeds the gas in the accumulator to an electrically operated solenoid valve that is normally closed. The outlet of this valve leads to a nozzle that protrudes into a vessel containing the liquid in which it is desired to form the rings. Upon receiving an electrical pulse of known duration, the solenoid valve opens for that duration and allows a momentary pulse of gas to flow from the accumulator into the nozzle. If the pulse duration is correctly set, a vortex bubble forms at the exit of the nozzle which self-organizes into a defined ring once the gas flow ceases. As the ring advances upwards under the influence of buoyancy force, it pinches off from the gas in the nozzle that remains captive at the nozzle exit under the influence of capillary forces. The device is then ready for the production of another ring upon receipt of another electrical pulse. Different nozzle exit geometries that facilitate this process are described, as well as different configurations of the invention and different applications or implementations of the invention. The invention is unique in that it allows easy, direct and independent control of the parameters that determine ring formation. It can operate under a broad range of these parameters to produce a broad range of rings, either in isolation, or in multiple sequential arrays.

摘要翻译： 描述了允许在主体液体中产生充气涡旋环的装置和方法。 该装置由用于通过调节阀提供蓄能器的压力气体源组成。 蓄能器具有将蓄能器中的气体供给到通常关闭的电动电磁阀的出口。 该阀的出口通向突出于容纳有需要形成环的液体的容器中的喷嘴。 当接收到已知持续时间的电脉冲时，电磁阀在该持续时间内打开，并允许气体的瞬间脉冲从蓄能器流入喷嘴。 如果脉冲持续时间被正确设置，一旦气流停止，在喷嘴的出口处形成涡流气泡，该气泡自组织成定义的环。 当环在浮力的作用下向上升高时，它在毛细作用力的影响下，从喷嘴中的气体夹持在喷嘴出口处。 然后，该装置准备好在接收到另一个电脉冲时产生另一个环。 描述了促进该过程的不同喷嘴出口几何形状，以及本发明的不同配置以及本发明的不同应用或实施方式。 本发明是独特的，因为它允许容易，直接和独立地控制决定环形成的参数。 它可以在这些参数的广泛范围内运行，以产生宽范围的环，无论是隔离的还是多个连续的阵列。

公开(公告)号：US5503682A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-02

申请号：US232274

申请日：1994-05-05

申请人： Thomas Mueller-Kirschbaum ,  Wolfgang Hater ,  Dieter Knapp ,  Thomas Vienenkoetter

发明人： Thomas Mueller-Kirschbaum ,  Wolfgang Hater ,  Dieter Knapp ,  Thomas Vienenkoetter

IPC分类号： B08B3/08 ,  C23G1/00 ,  C23G1/36 ,  G01N1/34 ,  G01N9/28 ,  G01N13/02 ,  B08B3/02

CPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  C23G1/00 ,  G01N2013/0241 ,  G01N2013/0266 ,  G01N2013/0275 ,  G01N9/28

摘要： The invention relates to a process for degreasing and cleaning metal surfaces with surfactant containing aqueous cleaning liquids in baths and/or by spraying. In order to obtain an exact measurement of the bath load and cleaning reserve economically and quickly to allow more accurate subsequent metering of the cleaning agent, the invention provides that, as a measure of the current reserve of cleaning liquid, a bubble tensiometer is used to measure a value correlated with the dynamic surface tension and operated with a sufficiently constant gas flow, the measurements are compared with a predetermined set value obtained for the cleaning agent used by calibration, and, depending on the results of comparison, appropriate steps are taken to treat the cleaning liquid.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP92 / 02462 Sec。 371日期：1994年5月5日 102（e）日期1994年5月5日PCT提交1992年10月28日PCT公布。 公开号WO93 / 09264 日期：1993年5月13日。本发明涉及一种使用含有洗涤液和/或喷雾的含水清洗液的表面活性剂对金属表面进行脱脂和清洗的方法。 为了经济地和快速地获得浴的负载和清洁储备的精确测量以允许更精确的随后的清洁剂的计量，本发明提供了作为清洗液当前储备的量度，使用气泡张力计 测量与动态表面张力相关的值并以足够恒定的气流进行操作，将测量值与通过校准所使用的清洁剂获得的预定设定值进行比较，并且根据比较结果，将适当的步骤 处理清洗液。

公开(公告)号：US3780568A

公开(公告)日：1973-12-25

申请号：US3780568D

申请日：1971-07-27

申请人： IBM

发明人： GOLDMANN L ,  JEANNOTTE D ,  KRALL B

IPC分类号： G01N13/02

CPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  G01N2013/0225 ,  G01N2013/0266

摘要： A process for quantitatively measuring one of the surface tension components for a solder-flux combination by introducing a gaseous ambient bubble internally coated with a liquid flux into a molten solder, and measuring a pressure differential.

摘要翻译： 通过将内部涂覆有液体焊剂的气态环境气体引入熔融焊料中并测量压力差来定量测量焊剂组合的表面张力分量之一。

公开(公告)号：US20170254791A1

公开(公告)日：2017-09-07

申请号：US15501064

申请日：2015-08-05

申请人： HEXAL AG

发明人： Jörg NINK ,  Josef PICHLER ,  Katharina OBERMÜLLER ,  Alexander WOTZKO

IPC分类号： G01N33/15 ,  G01N1/28 ,  G01N13/00

CPC分类号： G01N33/15 ,  G01N1/286 ,  G01N13/00 ,  G01N2013/006 ,  G01N2013/0241 ,  G01N2013/0266

摘要： The present invention relates to a method for determining the disintegration time of a film-shaped pharmaceutical dosage form and a disintegration testing device for use in such a method.