Abstract:
Stored data may define a multilaterally-traded contract type and specify final settlement of contracts conforming to the contract type by delivery of a defined quantity of a commodity. Additional data may be received, which additional data may indicate potential invocation of an alternate cash settlement mode for a plurality of contracts. Each contract of the plurality may be a contract conforming to the contract type. Further data may be received, with the further data indicating the alternate cash settlement mode is invoked for a group of contracts. The group may be all of the contracts of the plurality or a sub-portion of the plurality. Data may be transmitted to indicate cash final settlement of each contract of the group by payment of a cash settlement value instead of by delivery of the defined quantity of the commodity.
Abstract:
Systems and methods are described for processing and clearing derivatives products with a binary outcome and having a final settlement based on a triggering event. A computer system configured to process and clear derivative products can accept initial and adjusted performance bonds from buyers and sellers, and adjust the market price of the derivative product at intervals. The market price may be adjusted on a mark-to-market basis and through analysis of other information, e.g., the credit rating of a reference entity. As a result of price adjustments, cash flow may be generated between buyers and sellers. The derivative product may pay a predetermined final settlement amount or percentage upon the triggering of a predetermined event. However, upon expiration of the derivative product, the derivative's market price is settled to zero and the agreement is terminated.
Abstract:
A futures contract and method of computing a settlement price thereof are disclosed that enables a market participant to shed or acquire financial exposure in a conventional bond spread, in the form of single futures contract, rather than as a bona fide spread requiring active management of distinct long and short component bond positions, e.g. legs. The notional financial exposure of the futures contract is sized, not in terms of notional amounts/quantities of assets represented in the components of the futures contract's reference spread, but rather in terms of the pecuniary value of one basis point (i.e., 0.01 percent per annum) of the spread between yields to maturity for each of the components of the futures contract's reference spread. Effectively, the spread between the yields is defined inversely, i.e. the price per increment of spread is fixed whereas the quantities/notional amounts of reference bonds and the spread between them are not.
Abstract:
The disclosed embodiments relate to an exchange-traded futures contract, guaranteed by a clearing house, and characterized by an embedded price dynamic comprising a compound accrual of a periodic interest rate up to a date on which trading therein is terminated, as specified in the futures contract terms and conditions. A trader may be allowed and/or enabled to take a position in a futures contract with respect to an interest bearing underlier with a variable interest rate and, thereby, minimize the number of transactions and attendant costs with respect to monitoring and correcting for divergences between the futures position and the notional interest rate swap exposure for which the futures position is intended to serve as a proxy. Variation margin for the position is computed based on an underlying reference interest rate as opposed to being computed solely on the basis of the end-of-business day price of the futures contract.
Abstract:
The disclosed system makes available multiple interest rate futures contracts (“IRFC”) for a given set of interest rate securities, such as US Treasury Notes, which may be used to satisfy the delivery obligation. The terms on which the delivery obligation of each such IRFC are met are governed by an associated conversion factor yield (“CFY”) value which is associated, in turn, with a corresponding set of conversion factors (“CF”), each of which corresponds to one member of the set of securities eligible for delivery, and which may be used at the time of delivery of such eligible interest rate security, to determine the delivery invoice price. Offering different CFY's and corresponding CF's may enable a market participant who seeks to use such futures to acquire or shed financial risk exposure to select from such array of futures contracts the member contract that most closely mirror the participant's intended risk profile.
Abstract:
The disclosed system makes available multiple interest rate futures contracts (“IRFC”) for a given set of interest rate securities, such as US Treasury Notes, which may be used to satisfy the delivery obligation. The terms on which the delivery obligation of each such IRFC are met are governed by an associated conversion factor yield (“CFY”) value which is associated, in turn, with a corresponding set of conversion factors (“CF”), each of which corresponds to one member of the set of securities eligible for delivery, and which may be used at the time of delivery of such eligible interest rate security, to determine the delivery invoice price. Offering different CFY's and corresponding CF's may enable a market participant who seeks to use such futures to acquire or shed financial risk exposure to select from such array of futures contracts the member contract that most closely mirror the participant's intended risk profile.
Abstract:
A system and method of providing a collateralized loan utilizing a clearing counterparty is disclosed. The method includes receiving an order at a match engine module, the order related to a futures contract based on an options box spread as the deliverable asset such that the futures contract represents a collateralized loan and such that the order includes an interest rate associated with the collateralized loan, analyzing, at the match engine, the order to determine a strike interval, scanning an order book module in communication with the match engine module, such that the scan is based on the determined strike interval, and automatically defining a first pair of options at a first strike price and a second pair of options at a second strike price, such that the determined strike interval defines the first and second strike prices, such that the first and second pair of options cooperate to define the option box spread.
Abstract:
The disclosed embodiments relate to systems and methods for determining a quotation price of a spread between multiple products, such as two or more futures contracts, having non-homogeneous construction, e.g. one may be specified in terms of an implied rate, such as a Eurodollar Futures contract, and the other may be specified in terms of a price, such a U.S. Treasury Futures contract. The disclosed embodiments normalize the valuation of each “leg” of the spread with respect to each other, accounting for the divergence of the underlying contract construction, so that a difference in those valuations may be computed.
Abstract:
Methods and systems for calculating values for indexes based on breakout currencies are provided. A prospective breakout index may be formed before an entity breaks out of a monetary union. Other aspects relate to calculating an initial index value on a breakout date. An initial exchange rate of the breakout currency may be combined with a breakout value and/or a base value. In one embodiment, the breakout value is the reciprocal of the initial exchange rate. Therefore, in accordance with certain embodiments, the initial index value of the breakout index may be equal to the base value. Further aspects relate to calculating a second index value. A second exchange rate of the breakout currency may be utilized with the fixed base value and the breakout value to calculate the second index value of the breakout index. Further aspects relate to creating a prospective currency unit for a monetary union.
Abstract:
A system and method of providing a collateralized loan utilizing a clearing counterparty is disclosed. The method includes receiving an order at a match engine module, the order related to a futures contract based on an options box spread as the deliverable asset such that the futures contract represents a collateralized loan and such that the order includes an interest rate associated with the collateralized loan, analyzing, at the match engine, the order to determine a strike interval, scanning an order book module in communication with the match engine module, such that the scan is based on the determined strike interval, and automatically defining a first pair of options at a first strike price and a second pair of options at a second strike price, such that the determined strike interval defines the first and second strike prices, such that the first and second pair of options cooperate to define the option box spread.