摘要:
The method provides CaF2 single crystals with low scattering, small refractive index differences and few small angle grain boundaries, which can be tempered at elevated temperatures. In the method a CaF2 starting material is heat-treated for at least five hours at temperatures between 1000° C. and 1250° C. and then vaporized at a temperature of at least 1100° C. in a vacuum of at most 5*10−4 mbar to form a vapor. The vapor is condensed at a temperature between 500° C. to 1280° C. to form a condensate. Then a melt formed from the condensate is cooled in a controlled manner to obtain the single crystal, which is subsequently tempered. The method is preferably performed with a CaF2 starting material including waste material and cuttings from previously used melts.
摘要:
A melting safety device for discharging gas from the gas system of a hydropneumatic pressure reservoir or accumulator has a blocking element of a material which melts when exposed to an undue temperature increase. A normally closed valve can be opened by a control member which is prebiased for controlled movement by the force of a power drive. The blocking element is a mechanical blocking member which blocks the controlled movement of the control member prior to its melting, but permits the controlled movement of the control member upon melting.
摘要:
This invention involves the field of tactile control of electronic devices using a sensor that transduces both air pressure and device positional orientation into a set of digitally encoded commands. The invention involves using as input the physical action taken on a musical instrument and generating control information using that input.
摘要:
A method for assembling motor vehicles in which a drive train, chassis and floor module are pre-assembled and then connected to a shell of the motor vehicle. The floor module is pre-assembled in a first pre-assembly process and the drive train and the chassis are pre-assembled in a second pre-assembly process. The floor module, the drive train and the chassis are combined and then connected to the shell of the motor vehicle.
摘要:
The invention relates to a mounting frame for a switchgear cabinet or a rack, comprising mounting pieces which are arranged, as corner pieces, in the four corner sections of a rectangle or square that extends in an x-y plane, said mounting pieces being produced in a respective shaping process and having outer first and second mounting faces which extend in the x direction and in the y direction at a right angle thereto and which extend in a space direction z at a right angle to the x-y plane, and are provided with hollow spaces which are at least partially surrounded by wall parts and/or bores that are oriented in the z direction. The mounting frame further comprises intermediate elements which extend between the mounting pieces in the x direction and in the y direction and the end sections of which are fastened to the mounting pieces. The mounting pieces have wall sections which extend in parallel to the x-y plane, thus making assembly easier.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for the production of motor vehicles, in particular personal motor vehicles, wherein a plurality of moveable outer skin elements (90) forming the outer skin of the motor vehicle, in particular doors (74), hoods (76) or hatches (78), are applied to a respective shell (42) of the motor vehicle, wherein the moveable outer skin elements (90), in particular the doors (74), hoods (76) or hatches (78) are only applied to the respective shell (42) of the motor vehicle in or after an assembly line, in particular in or after a main assembly line (46). Moreover, the invention relates to a motor vehicle, in particular a personal motor vehicle, having a shell (42), which has a cathodic dip coating or similar corrosion protection coating added to it and to which a plurality of outer skin elements (90, 80) forming the outer skin are applied, wherein the shell (42) of the motor vehicle only has the cathodic dip coating or similar corrosion protection coating added to it.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for controlling a drive system (1) and to a drive system (1) having a drive machine (2) which is connected to a first element (6) of an epicyclic gearing (5). The drive system (1) also comprises a shift gearing (4) which is connected to a third element (9) of the epicyclic gearing. Also provided is a hydrostatic machine (3) which is connected to a second element (7) of the epicyclic gearing (5). The hydrostatic machine (3) is set to a negligible displacement volume (VhM) A gear stage of the shift gearing (4) is engaged. The displacement volume (VhM) of the hydrostatic machine (3) is increased and the hydrostatic machine (3) charges a hydraulic accumulator (26). After moment equilibrium is reached in the epicyclic gearing (5), the displacement volume (VhM) of the hydrostatic machine (3) is supplied to the epicyclic gearing (5). In the event of synchronization of the epicyclic gearing (5), a clutch (12) for blocking the epicyclic gearing (5) is closed. The hydraulic accumulator (26) is discharged further via the hydrostatic machine (3) and adds a torque generated by the drive machine (2).
摘要:
The invention relates to a drive (1) having an energy storage device and a method for storing brake energy. A drive (1) has an energy storage device having a hydrostatic piston engine (9) and a storage element (11) which is connected thereto. In a high-pressure storage line (10), an adjustable throttle location (15) is arranged between the piston engine (9) and the storage element (11). During the braking operation, the adjustable throttle location (15) is adjusted in accordance with a detected requested brake torque. The pressure medium is conveyed from the hydrostatic piston engine (9) via the adjustable throttle location (15) into the storage element (11).
摘要:
A pressure accumulator device for connecting to a hydraulic system is disclosed. The pressure accumulator device has at least one accumulator element for storing pressure energy and has an accumulator line for connecting the accumulator element to the hydraulic system. The pressure accumulator device also has a sealed encapsulation of the accumulator element and/or of the accumulator line to form a closed volume, and a device, which interacts with the accumulator element, for reducing the hydraulic pressure in the accumulator element.
摘要:
A hydrostatic system includes a hydropneumatic accumulator which is connected via a hydraulic resistance to a compensating volume. Means are provided in the hydrostatic system for measuring a pressure prevailing on that side of the hydraulic resistance which faces towards the compensating volume. A volume flow restricting device may be actuated if the pressure prevailing there exceeds a limit value.